M1: Urine Sediments (Part 2)

Question 1

They are not usually present in urine but a few are usually present as a result of vaginal, urethral, external genitalia, or collection-container contamination

Answer 1

Bacteria

Question 2

The bacteria may be present in the form of?

Answer 2

Cocci (spherical) or bacilli (rods)

Question 3

Due to their small size, bacteria must be observed and reported using

magnification

Answer 3

High-power objective

Question 4

How are bacteria reported in urine?

Answer 4

Few, moderate or many per high power field

Question 5

To be considered significant for UTI, bacteria should be?

Answer 5

Accompanied by WBCs

Question 6

____ distinguishes bacteria from amorphous materials?

Answer 6

Motility

Question 7

The presence of bacteria can be indicative of?

Answer 7

Lower or upper UTI

Question 8

Specimens containing increased bacteria and leukocytes are routinely followed up with?

Answer 8

A specimen for quantitative urine culture

Question 9

The bacteria most frequently associated with UTI?

Answer 9

Enterobacteriaceae (referred to as gram-negative rods)

Question 11

What cocci-shaped bacteria were also capable of causing UTI?

Answer 11

Staphylococcus and Enterococcus

Question 12

T or F: The actual bacteria producing UTI cannot be identified with the microscopic examination

Answer 12

T

Question 13

T or F: Bacteria is significant if specimen is properly collected and stored

Answer 13

T

Question 14

Appear in the urine as small, ovoid, colorless (may resemble RBCs), and refractile oval structures that may or may not contain a bud

Answer 14

Yeast Cells

Question 15

• May appear as branched, mycelial forms in severe infections
• Not soluble in acid and do not stain with supravital stains

Answer 15

Yeast Cells

Question 17

Yeast Cells

Its presence in urine indicates what?

Answer 17

Contamination with vaginal secretions

Question 18

• Usually seen in pregnant and diabetic patients
• Reported as rare, few, moderate or many per hpf

Answer 18

Yeast Cells

Question 19

Most commonly encountered yeast is

Answer 19

Candida albicans

Question 20

Seen in the urine of diabetic patients, immunocompromised patients, and women with vaginal moniliasis

Answer 20

Yeast Cells

Question 21

A true yeast infection should be accompanied by the presence of?

Answer 21

WBCs

Question 22

Most frequent parasite encountered in the urine

Answer 22

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 23

• A pear/turnip-shaped flagellate with an undulating membrane
• Exhibits jerky motility in fresh urine

Answer 23

Trichomonas trophozoite

Question 24

Trichomonas is usually reported as?

Answer 24

Rare, few, moderate, or many per hpf

Question 25

T or F: When not mocing or non-motile, Trichomonas is easier to identify.

Answer 25

F ## Footnote Kamukha niya WBC, transitional or RTE cell

Question 26

# Parasites A sexually transmitted pathogen associated primarily with vaginal inflammation.

Answer 26

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 27

# Trichomonas vaginalis T or F: Infection of male urethra and prostate is asymptomatic.

Answer 27

True the fire

Question 28

T or F: Males are often symptomatic carriers.

Answer 28

F

Question 29

The ova of the bladder parasite that has been associated with bladder cancer in other countries

Answer 29

Schistosoma haematobium

Question 30

The most common contaminant is the ova of this parasite usually from the perianal area

Answer 30

Enterobius vermicularis

Question 31

These are easily identified in the urine sediment by their oval, slightly tapered heads and long, flagella-like tails.

Answer 31

Spermatozoa

Question 32

T or F: Urine is toxic to spermatozoa.

Answer 32

T

Question 33

When are spermatozoa occasionally found in the urine of men and women?

Answer 33

1. Sexual Intercourse 2. Masturbation 3. Nocturnal Emission

Question 34

T or F: Sperm is rarely of clinical significance.

Answer 34

True the fire

Question 35

In what case is sperm a case of clinical significance?

Answer 35

Male infertility or retrograde ejaculation ## Footnote Sperm is expelled into the bladder instead of the urethra

Question 36

When there are increased amounts of semen, what would be the results of a reagent strip for protein?

Answer 36

Positive

Question 37

A protein material produced by the glands and epithelial cells of the lower genitourinary tract and the RTE cells

Answer 37

Mucus

Question 38

Immunologic analysis has shown that this is a major constituent of mucus

Answer 38

Uromodulin *(Tamm Horsfall protein)*

Question 39

A glycoprotein excreted by the RTE cells of the distal convoluted tubules and upper collecting ducts

Answer 39

Uromodulin *(Tamm Horsfall protein)*

Question 40

Appears microscopically as thread-like structures with a low refractive index

Answer 40

Mucus

Question 41

How are mucus threads reported?

Answer 41

Rare, few, moderate, or many per low power field

Question 42

T or F: More frequently present in male urine specimens.

Answer 42

F ## Footnote Female yan and they're increased in vaginal contamination

Question 43

# Mucus or Mucus Threads T or F: They are of clinical significance in females, but not in males.

Answer 43

F ## Footnote They're of no clinical significance in both

Question 44

If you see this card

Answer 44

Send Shen a photo of Park Jisung <3