M4: Serous Fluids (Part 1: Intro to Transudates and Exudates)

Question 1

What are fluids within closed cavities of the body?

Answer 1

pleural, pericardial, peritoneal

Question 2

These are seen in the cavity (space) in between of parietal and visceral membrane

Answer 2

Serous fluid

Question 3

Serous fluid are seen in the cavity in between what (2) membranes?

Answer 3

Parietal and Visceral membrane

Question 4

Serous fluid within 2 membranes

lines the cavity wall (outer wall)

Answer 4

Parietal membrane

Question 5

Serous fluid within 2 membranes

covers the organ (inner wall)

Answer 5

Visceral membrane

Question 6

• These provide lubrication
• Reduces friction & abrasion
• Ultrafiltrates of plasma
• Affected by hydrostatic and colloid pressure

Answer 6

Serous fluids

Question 7

These are ultrafiltrates of plasma

Answer 7

Serous fluids

Question 8

Whenever serous fluids is extracted, what procedure must be done?

Answer 8

blood collection

Question 9

Serous fluids

T or F

After blood collection and serous fluid are collected, comparison of plasma and serous fluid will occur

Answer 9

T

Question 10

Serous fluids

What are the (2) factors affected by hydrostatic and colloid pressure

Answer 10

• Production of volume
• Reabsorption

Question 11

Serous fluids

increase fluid between membranes

Answer 11

Effusion

Question 12

Specimen Collection and Handling

3 ways of aspiration

Answer 12

1. Thoracentesis
2. Pericardiocentesis
3. Paracentesis

Question 13

Specimen Collection and Handling

Serous fluid in lungs

Aspiration sample

Answer 13

Pleural

Question 14

Specimen Collection and Handling

Serous fluid in heart

Aspiration sample

Answer 14

Pericardial

Question 15

Specimen Collection and Handling

Serous fluid in abdomen

Aspiration sample

Answer 15

Peritoneal

Question 16

Specimen Collection and Handling

Process of aspiration of pleural fluid (lungs)

Aspiration sample

Answer 16

Thoracentesis

Question 17

Specimen Collection and Handling

Process of aspiration of pericardial fluid (heart)

Answer 17

Pericardiocentesis

Question 18

Specimen Collection and Handling

Process of aspiration of peritoneal fluid (abdomen)

Answer 18

Paracentesis

Question 19

Specimen Collection and Handling

Serous fluid is collected by using what instrument

Answer 19

Needle aspiration

Question 20

Specimen Collection and Handling

Volume of serous fluid collected?

Answer 20

> 100 mL

Question 21

Specimen Collection and Handling

4 anticoagulants used in serous fluid

Answer 21

1. EDTA
2. Heparinized
3. SPS
4. Plain

Question 22

Specimen Collection and Handling

• Anticoagulant used in Cell counts and Differential counts
• For hematology
• Patient is suffering from an infection

4 anticoagulants used in serous fluid

Answer 22

EDTA

Question 23

Specimen Collection and Handling

• Anticoagulant used for Culture, Microbiology and Cytology
• Observation of characteristic of cells

4 anticoagulants used in serous fluid

Answer 23

Heparinized or Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS)

Question 24

Specimen Collection and Handling

• Anticoagulant used for chemistry
• Compared frequently with Plasma Chemical Concentrations

Answer 24

Plain or Heparinized

Question 25

Specimens for pH are maintained in what environment

Answer 25

Ice anaerobically

Question 26

T or F Increased temperature results to increased pH

Answer 26

F (decrease pH)

Question 27

T or F Specimen are processed immediately

Answer 27

T

Question 28

T or F Composition of blood plasma and serous fluid are not the same

Answer 28

F (ALMOST THE SAME)

Question 29

T or F Serous fluid specimens should be left in room temperature

Answer 29

F (ICE)

Question 30

form because of a systemic disorder that disrupts the balance in the regulation of fluid filtration and reabsorption

Answer 30

Effusions

Question 31

These are effusions that form because of a systemic disorder that disrupts the balance in the regulation of fluid filtration and reabsorption

Answer 31

* Transudates * Exudates

Question 32

# Effusion * Changes in Hydrostatic Pressure * Increase (Imbalance) Pressure = Affect production and reabsorption * Underlying disease * CHF (Congestive heart failure) or Hypoproteinemia associated with Nephrotic syndrome

Answer 32

Transudates

Question 33

# Effusion * Directly involve the membranes of cavity (No underlying disease) * Infections and malignancies

Answer 33

Exudates

Question 34

# Transudate or Exudate Appearance: Clear, Pale Yellow WBC Count: < 1000/uL (Pleural, Pericardial); < 500/uL (Peritoneal) Spontaneous Clotting: No Fluid total protein: 30g/L or Less Fluid:Serum protein ratio: <0.5 Fluid:Serum LD ratio: <0.6 Fluid LD: <0.67 x ULN serum Pleural fluid cholesterol: <45 - 60 mg/dL Pleural fluid:serum Cholesterol Ratio: <0.3 Pleural fluid:Bilirubin Ratio: 0.6 Serum-ascites Albumin gradient: >1.1 Glucose: Equal to Serum Specific gravity: <1.015

Answer 34

Transudate

Question 35

# Transudate or Exudate Appearance: Cloudy, Color variable WBC Count: > 1000/uL Spontaneous Clotting: Possible Fluid total protein: >30g/L Fluid:Serum protein ratio: >0.5 Fluid:Serum LD ratio: >0.6 Fluid LD: >0.67 x ULN serum Pleural fluid cholesterol: >45 - 60 mg/dL Pleural fluid:serum Cholesterol Ratio: >0.3 Pleural fluid:Bilirubin Ratio: >0.6 Serum-ascites Albumin gradient: <1.1 Glucose: Less than or Equal to Serum Specific gravity: >1.015

Answer 35

Exudate

Question 36

# Transudate or Exudate Appearance: Clear, Pale Yellow

Answer 36

Transudate

Question 37

# Transudate or Exudate Appearance: Cloudy, Color variable

Answer 37

Exudate

Question 38

# Transudate or Exudate NO spontaneous clotting

Answer 38

Transudate

Question 39

# Transudate or Exudate Possible spontaneous clotting

Answer 39

Exudate

Question 40

# Transudate or Exudate Glucose: Equal to Serum

Answer 40

Transudate actually can be both kasi exudate can be less or equal to serum

Question 41

# Transudate or Exudate Glucose: Less than or Equal to Serum (Microorganisms consumes the glucose)

Answer 41

Exudate

Question 42

# Transudate or Exudate Specific gravity: <1.015

Answer 42

Transudate

Question 43

# Transudate or Exudate Specific gravity: >1.015

Answer 43

Exudates

Question 44

# Transudate or Exudate T or F Exudate's appearance is cloudy, color variable due to the presence of microorganism

Answer 44

T

Question 45

# Transudate or Exudate T or F Exudate's appearance can be color green or red due to the presence of microorganism

Answer 45

T