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Major RNA viruses Flashcards

(128 cards)

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1
Q

What are the components of a naked virus?

A

Capsid and nucleic acid

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2
Q

What are the components of an enveloped virus?

A

Envelope of glycoproteins
Spikes
Capsid
Nucleic acid

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3
Q

How are capsids symmetrical?

A

Identical proteins “capsomeres”

Based on icosahedral or helical structure

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the capsid?

A

Protects the genetic material

Recognized when its attached to the host

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5
Q

What RNA viruses are +ssRNA, enveloped and icosahedral?

A

Flavivirdae
Togaviridae
Retroviridae

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6
Q

What RNA virus is +ssRNA, enveloped and helical?

A

Coronaviridae

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7
Q

What RNA viruses are +ssRNA, nonenveloped and icosahedral?

A

Picornvaviridae

Caliciviridae

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8
Q

What RNA viruses -ssRNA, enveloped and helical?

A 
Orthomyxoviridae
Paramyxoviridae
Rhabdoviridae
Filoviridae
Bunyaviridae
Arenaviridae
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9
Q

What RNA viruses are dsDNA, nonenveloped and icosahedral?

A

Reoviridiae

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10
Q

All RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm except;

A

Orthomyxoviridae and Retroviridae

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11
Q

All RNA viruses are single stranded except:

A

Reoviridae

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12
Q

All RNA viruses and evveloped except;

A

Picornaviridae
Caliciviviridae
Reoviridae

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13
Q

All -ssRNA viruses are ___ in shape.

A

Helical

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14
Q

Why do RNA viruses have a high rate of mutation?

A

Because they lack DNA polymerase

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15
Q

What are the three genus classifications for Picornaviruses?

A

Enterovirus
Rhinovirus
Hepatovirus

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16
Q

What are the species within enterovirus?

A 
Poliovirus 1-3
Echovirus 1-34
Coxsackievirus A 1-24
Coxsackievirus B 1-6
Enterovirus 68-71
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17
Q

What is the species within Rhinovirus?

A

Human Rhinovirus 1-115

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18
Q

What is the species within Hepatovirus?

A

Hepatitis A virus

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19
Q

What are some characteristics of Picornavirus?

A

Small is large
Large family
Replicate in cytoplasm
Non-enveloped, +sslinear, icosahedral

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20
Q

What are the only susceptible host for poliovirus?

A

Humans

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21
Q

The 3 serotypes of polio have ___ homology.

A

33-66%

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22
Q

What are the two vaccine types for polio?

A

IVP (Salk) inactive

OPV (Sabin)

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23
Q

Who many infections of polio are type 1?

A

70 - 90%

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24
Q

How is polio transmitted?

A

Ingestion (fecal-oral)

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25
Where does polio infect once in the body?
Cells of the oropharyngeal and intestinal mucosa
26
Where does polio replicate?
In the lymph nodes and GALT
27
Which is more common, a primary or secondary viremia of polio?
Primary (95%)
28
How many cases of polio spread to the CNS?
1%
29
Where is polio spread?
Feces
30
What are the clinical manifestations of polio?
Meningitis (aseptic) Encephalitis Paralytic poliomyelitis
31
If polio has attacked the anterior horn of of the spinal cord what happens?
Flaccid paralysis
32
What happens if polio attacks the medulla?
Paralysis of the diaphragm - you ded
33
What viruses are a common cause of lymphocytic meningitis?
``` Enterovirus Coxsackie virus A & B Echovirus Poliovirus Arbovirus HIV HSV-2 ```
34
What are the three types of paralytic polio?
Spinal (80%) Bulbar (2%) muscle weakness Bulbospinal (15%) combo of both
35
How is polio diagnosed?
Isolation of virus from stool or CSF
36
How is polio treated?
No specific treatment - pain and muscle spasm treatment - orthopedic support
37
Which of the polio vaccines were effective against all 3 strands?
Both Salk and Sabin
38
What are the good things about OPV for polio?
Oral Lifelong immunity No boosters needed Contributes to herd immunity
39
What are the bad things about OPV for polio?
Risk of vaccine associated polio | Immunocompromised can't have it
40
What are the good things about IPV for polio?
No risk of vaccine associated polio Safe for immmunocompromised Easier to store and transport
41
What are bad things about IPV for polio?
Booster needed Injection Large dose needed
42
How is Coxsackievirus transmitted?
Ingestions (fecal-oral) and highly contagious
43
What is the vaccine for coxsackie?
None
44
What is the treatment for coxsackie?
None | just wash your hands and don't get it
45
What coxsackie virus type causes hand, foot and mouth disease and what are the symptoms?
A9, A16 | Vascular rash on hands, feet, mouth and tongue with mild fever
46
What coxsackie virus type causes hemorrhagic conjuctivitis and what are the symptoms?
A24 Eye pain followed by redness, tears, swelling and sensitivity Contagious
47
What coxsackie virus type causes poliomyelitis like symptoms?
A7
48
What other diseases do coxsackie A virus cause?
Aseptic meningitis | Herpangina
49
What are the characteristics of coxsackie B?
Worldwide distribution | All but one type found in the US first
50
What coxsackie virus type B might be associated with hand, foot and mouth disease?
B2 and B5
51
What coxsackie virus type cases juvenile diabetes (IDDM)?
B4
52
What other diseases does coxsackie type B cause?
Pleurodynia | Myocarditis
53
What are the symptoms for herpangina?
Fever, sore throat, anorexia, vomiting | Vesicular ulcerating lesions on soft palate and uvula
54
What are the symptoms for pleurodynia?
Acute onset of fever, unilateral low thoracic chest pain Pain is called "devil's grip" Males have testicular pain
55
Describe the characteristics of Rhinovirus.
Most common cause of the common cold More common in the summer Infection localized in the nose
56
How is rhinovirus transmitted?
Respiratory secretions
57
What are the symptoms of rhinovirus?
Runny nose
58
What is the treatment for rhinovirus?
None
59
What was Hepatitis A originally known as?
Enterovirus 72
60
How is Hep A transmitted?
Fecal-Oral
61
What are the symptoms of Hep A?
Sudden fever and jaundice
62
What does Hep A infect?
Intestinal epithelial cells and spread to liver
63
What causes the life long immunity to Hep A?
IgG anti hep A
64
What is the treatment for Hep A?
None
65
What are the characteristics of caliciviridae?
Naked, Icosahedral +ssRNA | Resistant to heat and detergent but not pH
66
What is Norovirus associated with in terms of transmission?
Contaminated water and food supply due to fecal oral transmission
67
What kind of places would you expect to see norovirus?
Potlucks and cruise ships
68
Is norovirus highly contagious?
Yes
69
How do you isolate norovirus?
The the stool or vomit of infected pts
70
What does norovirus cause?
Acute gastroenteritis 12 0 24 hours after ingesting infected substance Self-limits after 1 or 2 weeks
71
How can you prevent norovirus?
Good hygiene
72
How is Hepatitis E virus transmitted?
Fecal-oral
73
What is hep E associate with in terms of transmission?
Contaminated water and epidemic hepatitis
74
What happens if a pregnant woman get hep E?
She has a high chance of dying or will have a spontaneous abortion
75
Reovirus is very diverse. What can it infect?
Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians and plants
76
What does the REO stand for in reovirus?
Respiratory Enteric Orphan virus
77
What are the two forms of reovirus humans are mostly infected with?
Rotavirus | Orbivirus (coltivirus?)
78
How is rotavirus transmitted?
Ingestion, fecal to oral
79
How many children have rotovirus antibodies?
Almost all of them all over the world
80
What is the most common cause of death due to infantile diarrhea?
Rotovirus
81
When does rotovirus generally occur during the year?
Winter | Year round in the tropics
82
How many type of rotovirus are there and which is the most commmon?
A, B, C, D, E | A is most common
83
What does rotovirus type A cause?
Infantile diarrhea with vomiting and fever
84
What does rotovirus type B cause?
Adult onset of severe diarrhea (epidemic in east Asia)
85
What are the three major type of flavivirdae?
Pestivirus Hepatitis C virus Flavivirus
86
What are the viruses within flavivirus?
``` Yellow fever Japanese encephalitis St. Louis encephalitis West Nile encephalitis Dengue ```
87
How can you classify dengue?
Enveloped, +ssRNA
88
What serotypes exists for denge?
DENV-1, 2, 3, 4
89
How is denge transmitted?
Aedes aegypti (mosquito)
90
What are the typical uncomplicated (classic) symptoms of dengue?
``` Fever within 4-7 days exposure Severe headache Severe joint and muscle pain Nausea and vomiting Rash ```
91
What are the symptoms of hemorrhagic fever in dengue?
``` Symptoms of classic Gingival and nasal bleeding Inc menstrual flow GI bleeding Hematuria ```
92
How do you diagnose dengue?
ELISA serology and antigens | Tourniquet test
93
How is dengue managed?
Self-limiting fever control (avoid aspirin) Insect repellent No antiviral treatment No vaccine
94
What virus is a common form of blood-borne hepatitis is hospitals?
Hepatitis C
95
What does it mean when Hep C is in the chronic state?
Cirrhosis End-stage liver disease Hepatocellular carcinoma
96
What is the main symptom of Hep C?
Jaundice
97
What is the treatment for Hep C?
Pergylated IFNalpha with ribavirin
98
What are the who types of togaviridae?
Rubivirus and Alphavirus
99
What type of togaviridae is rubella?
Rubivirus
100
What are the different type of alphavirus?
Chikungunya Eastern equine encephalitis virus Western equine encephalitis virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
101
How is rubella transmitted?
Respiratory droplets
102
How is rubella general transmitted?
Maculopapular rash that starts on the face and spreaks to trunk then extremities May have occipital and post auricular lymphadenopathy
103
Why is rubella dangerous if a pregnant mother contracts it?
It can cross the placenta is viremic and all germ layers may be infected The early in the pregnancy the more dangerous it is, vaccine cannot be given
104
What viruses are included in filoviridae?
Ebola Marburg Cuevavirus
105
What symptom is associated with the viruses in filoviridae?
Hemorrhagic fever Early: muscle aches, fever, vomiting, red eyes, skin rash Acute: bleeding and skin hemorrhage
106
What is the treatment and vaccine for filoviridae?
None
107
How is orthomyxoviridae characterized?
Enveloped, -ssRNA, segmented
108
What are the three types of orthomyxoviridae?
Influenza A, B and C
109
Which influenza type infects humans only?
B | all can infect but B is exclusive
110
What is antigenic drift?
Small, constant point mutations Gradual changes to amino acid composition Leads to epidemics Annual vaccinations
111
Which types of flu participate in antigenic drift?
A, B, C
112
What is antigenic shift?
Substitution of a gene segment with segments from another flu virus from a different host = reassortment Pandemics Less common
113
Which type of flu participates in antigenic shift?
A
114
How do you name a type of influenza?
Host origin, geographic location of first encounter, strain number and isolation year ex. A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)
115
How is influenza transmitted?
Person to person, direct contact and aerosol droplets
116
What does influenza infect in the body?
Respiratory epithelial cells
117
How long does the flu incubate?
1 to 4 days
118
What are some complications of the flu?
Bronchitis and pneumonia
119
What treatments are there for the flu?
Amantidine (no longer affective) Zanamivir (Relenza) Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
120
What type of virus in rubulavirus and what does it cause?
Paramyxoviridae, mumps
121
What are the structural components of a paramyxoviridae?
``` Surface G protein Fusion protein Matrix protein Phosphoprotein Nucleoprotein Polymerase ```
122
What acute viral illness does the mumps cause?
Parotitis and orchitis
123
How are the mumps transmitted?
Respiratory
124
What is the incubation period for he mumps? when is it viremic?
14 - 18 days | 12 - 25 days
125
What are the symptoms of the mumps?
Nonspecific, myalgia, headache | Parotitis (30-40%)
126
What type of paramyxoviridae causes the measles?
Morbilivirus
127
What are the clinical signs of the measles?
Cough, coryza, conjuctivits Koplic spots Maculopapular rash
128
What type of paramyxoviridae causes respiratory syncytial virus?
Pneumovirus

CMBM exam 3 (24 decks)

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