Male Reproductive System

Question 1

what is this

Answer 1

testis and epididymis

Question 2

what is this

Answer 2

tunica albuginea

Question 3

what are these

Answer 3

zoomed in image of testis
concentric rings are seminiferous tubules made of Sertoli cells

Question 4

what are these

Answer 4

looking at zoomed in image of seminiferous tubule of testi
arrow points to spermatid within Sertoli cells

Question 5

what are these

Answer 5

sperm in lumen of seminiferous tubule

Question 6

what are these

Answer 6

looking at zoomed in image of seminiferous tubule of testis
leydig cells found in CT between tubules

Question 7

what is this

Answer 7

arrow is pointing at lumen of vas deferens

Question 8

what is this

Answer 8

looked at a zoomed in picture of a ductus deferens
specifically, looking at the muscular layer of the ductus deferens

Question 9

what is this

Answer 9

ampulla of vas deferen, entering prostate

Question 10

what is this

Answer 10

prostate

Question 11

what are these

Answer 11

tubuloalveolar glands of prostate
arrow on corpora amylacea

Question 12

what is this

Answer 12

prostate glandular epithelium

Question 13

what is this

Answer 13

looking at zoomed in prostate tissue
specifically, the perialveolar CT of prostate or fibrous stroma

Question 14

what are the top two and bottom one

Answer 14

top two: corpora cavernosa
bottom one: corpora spongiosum

Question 15

what is this

Answer 15

tunica albugenia surrounding erectile bodies

Question 16

what are these

Answer 16

blood sinuses

Question 17

what is this

Answer 17

urethra

Question 18

what are these

Answer 18

mucous glands of littre

Question 19

what is this

Answer 19

superficial fascia of penis
arrow points to vessels
round structures inferior to vessels are nerves

Question 20

what are the four major components of the male reproductive system

Answer 20

testes
genital excurrent ducts
accessory sex glands
external genitalia containing the penis and scrotum

Question 21

what are the three accessory sex glands of the male reproductive system

Answer 21

seminal vesicles
prostate
bulbourethral glands

Question 22

what are the two primary functions of the testis

Answer 22

spermatogenesis and steroidgenesis

Question 23

what are the four primary locations that produce androgens in females

Answer 23

ovaries
adrenal glands
fat cells
skin cells

Question 24

what are the four signs of PCOS

Answer 24

irregular menstrual period
infertility
type 2 diabetes
obesity

Question 25

what are three virilizing effects associated with high androgen production in females

Answer 25

acne hirsutism (excess hair) balding

Question 26

what are the two principle androgens

Answer 26

testosterone and androstenedione

Question 27

which androgen is essential for spermatogenesis and male sexual dimorphism

Answer 27

testosterone

Question 28

an increase in androstenedione is most suggestive of what four lesions in the adrenal gland

Answer 28

adrenal tumor adrenal cancer adrenal hyperplasia congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 29

what are the two ways cell division occurs during the production of male gametes

Answer 29

mitosis and meiosis

Question 30

what week in gestation do testes develop

Answer 30

7th week

Question 31

what gene is responsible for determining male sex

Answer 31

SRY

Question 32

what condition presents as XY females with gonadal dysgenesis with functional female genitalia and no ovaries

Answer 32

Swyer syndrome

Question 33

what rare congenital intersex condition presents as 46 XX karyotype that has phenotypically male characteristics

Answer 33

De la chapelle syndrome

Question 34

what gene is required for the development of the urogenital system and regulation of the SRY transcription

Answer 34

WT-1 gene (wilms tumor 1 gene)

Question 35

what gene mutation is present in children with familial Wilms tumor and in children with genitourinary malformations

Answer 35

mutations of WT-1 gene

Question 36

which gene is linked to the formation of ambiguous or female sex organs in a genetically male individual

Answer 36

SOXg gene

Question 37

what gene is responsible for the expression of several steroidogenic genes that result in a variety of male sex malformations

Answer 37

SF-1 gene

Question 38

activation of what receptor suppresses the SET gene during gonadal sex differentiation and its mutation is responsible for congenital adrenal hypoplasia

Answer 38

DAX-1 gene

Question 39

what are the three primary embryologic tissues the testicles are derived from

Answer 39

intermediate mesoderm mesodermal epithelium primordial germ cells

Question 40

regardless of the genetic or gonadal sex, the external genitalia will develop along the female template without the presence of what hormone

Answer 40

DHT

Question 41

which hormone does the leydig cells of the testicle secrete

Answer 41

testosterone

Question 42

what are some of the principle effects of testosterone on the body

Answer 42

differentiation of CNS, genital appearance, and duct system growth and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics growth and maintenance of the accessory sex glands anabolic and general metabolic processes behavioral effects like libido

Question 43

which week of gestation do testicles in males typically descend

Answer 43

26th week

Question 44

what is the term for undescended testicles

Answer 44

cryptorchidism

Question 45

what vascular system in the testes carries blood from the testis to the abdominal veins

Answer 45

pampiniform plexus

Question 46

what muscle responds to changes in ambient temperature, contracting the testes closer to the abdominal wall, and its relaxation lowers the testing within the scrotum

Answer 46

cremaster muscle

Question 47

what smooth muscle of the scrotum contracts in cold temperatures and causes the scrotum to wrinkle when cold to help regulate heat loss

Answer 47

dartos muscle

Question 48

what thick connective tissue capsule covers each testi

Answer 48

tunica albugenia

Question 49

each lobule of the testis contains approximately how many seminiferous tubules

Answer 49

1-4

Question 50

where are the leydig cells found in the testicle

Answer 50

in connective tissue stroma lobules

Question 51

what supportive cell gives structural organization to the tubules as they extend through the full thickness of the seminiferous epithelium

Answer 51

Sertoli cells

Question 52

what cells regularly replicate and differentiate into mature sperm

Answer 52

spermatogenic cells

Question 53

what is the function of the myoid peritubular contractile cells

Answer 53

create peristaltic waves to help move sperm and testicular fluid

Question 54

what insulin-like protein is secreted by the leydig cells of the testis during embryologic development to stimulate the descent of the testis

Answer 54

insulin-like protein 3 (INSL3)

Question 55

what are the three major phases of spermatogenesis

Answer 55

spermatogonial phase spermatocyte phase spermatid phase

Question 56

how many days on average does spermatogenesis take to complete all stages

Answer 56

74 days

Question 57

where do sperm acquire their motility

Answer 57

epididymis

Question 58

what substance does the seminal vesicles secrete to sustain sperm

Answer 58

fructose

Question 59

what type of epithelium lines the vas deferens and seminal vesicles

Answer 59

pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

Question 60

what are the four zones of the prostate

Answer 60

peripheral central transitional periurethral

Question 61

what zone of the prostate is most likely to have cancer and has the most glandular tissue

Answer 61

peripheral

Question 62

what part of the prostate ends at the urethra

Answer 62

transitional

Question 63

what is the rounded eminence of the urethral crest within the posterior wall of the mid prostatic urethra

Answer 63

verumontanum

Question 64

what glandular epithelium is in the prostate

Answer 64

simple columnar

Question 65

what is the name of prostatic concretions that sometimes occur in the prostate glands of elderly patients

Answer 65

corpora amylacea

Question 66

elevated serum PSA is often an indicator of what concerning disease condition

Answer 66

prostate cancer

Question 67

what is the pH of sperm

Answer 67

7.7

Question 68

what glands produce an alkaline mucous-like secretion in response to sexual stimulation in the penis

Answer 68

bulbourethral glands

Question 69

what is the ventral mass of erectile tissue present in the penis

Answer 69

corpora cavernosa

Question 70

what spongy erectile tissue surrounds the urethra of the penis

Answer 70

corpus spongiosum

Question 71

what is the dense fibroelastic tissue that surrounds the corpora in the penis

Answer 71

tunica albuginea