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A&P FT300 > Male reproductive system > Flashcards

Male reproductive system Flashcards

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0
Q

…..produces one cell with one set of chromosomes from each parent cells called ….

A

Germ fertilization

Gametes

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1
Q

Sexual reproduction is a process by which in which organisms produce offspring by means germ cells called …

A

gametes

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2
Q

organs of reproduction that produce gametes and secrete hormones

A

Gonads
Testes for male
Ovaries for female

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3
Q

organ produces sperm and secrete hormones

A

Testes

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4
Q

Organ Transport, receive and store gametes

A

ducts (ductus epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra)

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5
Q

Produce materials that support gametes and facilitate their movement

A

seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands

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6
Q

assist in the delivery of gametes

A

Supporting structures include the scrotum and penis

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7
Q

4 Function of the male reproductive system

A
  1. The testes produce sperm and male sex hormones testosterone
  2. the ducts transport, store and assist in maturation of sperm
  3. the accessory sex glands secrete most of the liquid portion of sperm
  4. The penis contains the urethra a passage way for ejaculation of semen and excretion of urine
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8
Q

specialized branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive system

A

Gynecology

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9
Q

specialized study for male reproductive system

A

Andrology

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10
Q

specialized study of urinary sytem

A

Urology

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11
Q

A cutaneous out-pouching of the abdomen that supports the testes internally

A

scrotum

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12
Q

a vertical septum divides it into two sacs

A

scrotal septum: each sac contains a single testis

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13
Q

The name of the muscle causes wrinkling found in scrotal septum

A

Dartos muscle

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14
Q

How many degree from the body temperature required for the sperm to survive?

A

3 degrees lower than core body temperature

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15
Q

Which muscle elevates testes (to cool)?

A

Cremaster muscle in spermatic cord

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16
Q

Serous membrane derived from the peritoneum partially covers the testes

A

Tunica Vaginalis

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17
Q

Dense white capsule found internal to Tunica Vaginalis

A

Tunica albuginea - septa form 200-300 compartments called lobules

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18
Q

each lobule is filled with ….

A

2- or 3 seminiferous tubules where sperm are formed (spermatogenisis)

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19
Q

2 main types of sperm development cells

A

Spermatogenic cells - the stem cell type that gives rise to mature sperm; note: final maturation in epididymis

Sertoli cells (aka sustentacular cells - support “spermatogenesis”)

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20
Q

Spermatogenic cells

A

Primordial germ cell sin yolk sac migrate at 5th week to testes
Differentiate into spermatogonia - stay dormant until puberty
cells mature progressively as they move toward lumen of seminiferous tubule.

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21
Q

Order of sperm maturation

A

Spermatogonium - primary spermatocytes - secondary spermatocyte - spermatid - sperm cells or spermatozoon

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22
Q

Sertoli cells

A

Deep to the basement membrane tight junctions join neighbouring Sertoli cells to form the blood testis barrier that prevents an immune response against the surface antigens of the developing sperm cells
- Protect, support, and nourishing developing sperm
- Releases inhibin; regulate testosterone and FSH (Follicle stimulating Hormone)
Produce fluid for sperm transport
-phagocytose excess spermatids cytoplasm as development proceeds
-release sperm into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules

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23
Q

What Sertoli cells form

A

Blood testis barrier

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24
What Sertoli cells release
inhibin, regulate testosterone and Focllicle stimulating hormone)
25
Leydig cells
AKA Interstitial cells Located in the spaces between adjacent seminiferous tubules responsible for producing and secreting androgens, mainly Testosterone.
26
Sperm development
Approx 75 days | Spermatogenesis
27
Decent of Testes
Testes develop near kidney on posterior abdominal wall | They descend into scrotum by passing through inguinal canal - during 7th month of fetal development
28
cryptorchidism
Failure of the testes to descend that may involve one or both testes - Untreated bilateral cryptochidism results in sterility and a greater risk of testicular cancer (50X) - Descend spontaneously 80% of time during the first year of life - if not....surgical treatment necessary before 18 months
29
Failure of the testes to descend that may involve one or both testes
Cryptorchidism
30
Pathway of sperm flow through the ducts of the Testis
Seminiferous tubules - straight tubules - Rete testis - Efferent ducts - Ductus epididymis - ductus (vas) deferens
31
1.5 inch long along posterior border of each testes
Epididymis
32
Epididymys
A comma shaped organ with Head, body and tail region Multiple efferent ducts become a single ductus epididymis in the head region (20 foot tube if uncoiled) Tail region continues as ductus deferens.
33
Ductus Epididymis
Line with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and layer of smooth muscle; propels sperm onward Is the site of sperm maturation and storage Motility increases over 2 week period
34
Where the sperm stored and for how long? What happens after?
Sperm may remain in storage in Ductus Epididymis for 1-2 months after which they are either expelled toward the urethra during ejaculation or degenerated and reabsorbed
35
What is the procedure for Male sterilization called?
Vasectomy Vas deferens cut and tied off Sperm production continues, sperm degenerate. 100% effective, 40% reversible
36
Ductus (Vas) Deferens
Pathway of 18 inch muscular tube - ascend along posterior border of epididymis - passes up through spermatic cord and inguinal ligament - reaches posterior surface of urinary bladder - empties into prostatic urethra with seminal vesicle - Lined with pseudostratified columnar - Epithelium and covered with heay coating muscle
37
How many lobules in Testis
200-300
38
What structures passing to and from the testes
Spermatic cord including - testicular arteries - pampiniform plexus of veins - Automomic nerves - Lymphatic vessels - Ductus (vas) deferens - Cremaster muscle
39
Which structures forms Ejaculatory duct
Seminal vesicles and Ductus deferens
40
What is the function of Ejaculatory ducts
Eject spermatozoa into a prostatic urethra Adds fluid to prostatic urethra just before ejaculation about 1 inch long
41
what is the function of Urethra and different type of Urethra
``` 8 inch long passage way for urine and semen -Prostatic urethra Membranous urethra (passes through Ureogenital diaphragm) Spongy urethra (through corpus spongiosum) ```
42
What is inguinal canal
The inguinal canal is 2 inch long tunnel through the 3 muscles of the anterior abdominal wall - originates at deep inguinal ring and ends at superficial ring
43
What is Hernia
A rupture or separation of a portion of the abdominal wall resulting in the protrusion of a part of an organ (most commonly the small or large intestine)
44
Two types of hernia
Indirect hernia - loop of intestine protruding through deep ring Direct hernia - loop of intestine pushes through posterior wall of inguinal canal
45
Pair of pouch like organs found posterior to the base of bladder
Seminal vesicles
46
What does seminal vesicle do
70% of semen volume secrete an alkaline (neutralize acid in the male urethra and female reproductive tract), viscous fluid that contain fructose (for ATP production), prostaglandins (contribute to sperm motility and viability), and clotting proteins
47
What causes coagulation of semen after ejaculation
Semenogelin, the protein
48
A donut-shaped gland about the size of a walnut, lies inferior to the urinary bladder
Prostate Gland surrounds the prostatic urethra
49
What Prostate gland secretes
20% of semen volume and contribute to sperm motility and viability, milky, slightly acidic fluid contains - citric acid (used by sperm for ATP production) - proteolytic enzymes (such as prostate specific antigen, PSA, pepsinogen, lysozyme, amylase and hyalurnidase) and lead coagulation and subsequent liquefaction of semen - Seminal plasmin is an antibiotic that may decrease naturally occurring bacteria in the semen and female reproductive tract - Secretions enter prostatic urethra through many duct openings - enlarge with age
50
a common group of disorders which may be characterized by symptoms such as difficult urination, urinary frequency ad pain, or which may be asymptomatic
Prostatitis
51
common urological condition caused by the non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland as men get older
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
52
Symptoms of Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- need of frequently empty the bladder - Difficulty in beginning to urinate - dribbling after urination ends - decreased size and strength of the urine stream - sensation that the bladder is not empty even after urinating - inability to postpone urination once the urge to urinate begins - pushing or straining in order to urinate
53
How does doctor check BPH
Digital rectal exam
54
paired, pea-sized gland within the urogenital diaphragm
Bulbourethral or Cowper's glands
55
What does Bulbourethral glands do
5% of semen volume Secretion contain mucus for lubrication and an alkaline substance that neutralizes acid from urine Ducts open into spongy urthra
56
what Semen contains
Sperm (spermatozoa, 2.5-5 ml in volume, 50-150 miliion/ml normal sperm count) and seminal fluid from accessory sex gland which provides are transported, nutrients and neutralizes the acidity of the male urethra and female vagina Antibiotic, seminal plasmin and prostatic enzymes that coagulate and the liquefy semen to aid in its movement through the uterine cervix
57
What happens to semen after ejaculated
coagulates within 5 min because of semenogelin, main protein, then liquifies in 15 min because of proteolytic enzyme such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), etc
58
What penis contains and what is the role
the urethra and is the passageway for urine and the ejaculation of semen bulb +Crura = root body and gland penis
59
Root of penis is
The base of corpus spongiosum enclosed by bulbospongiosus muscle Crura of penis or ends of corpora cavernosa enclosed by ishiocavernousus muscle
60
The body of penis is composed of
3 erectile tissue masses 1. 2 paired corpora cavernosa penis 2. 1 unpaired corpus spongiosum penis filled with blood sinuses lined by endothelial cells surrounded by smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
61
Corpora cavernosa
upper paired erectile tissue masses | begins as crura of the penis attached to the ischial and pubic ami and covered by ischiocavernosus muscle
62
Corpus spongiosum
lower unpaired erectile tissue mass surrounds urethra beings as bulb of penis covered by bulbospongiosus muscle ends as glans penis
63
what is corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum covered by
tunica albuginea
64
Glans penis
Enlarged distal end of corpus spongiosum At the distal end is the external urethral orifice, a small slit The prepuse or foreskin covers the uncircumcised glans penis
65
Circumsision
removal of prepuse 3-4 days after birth, possibly lowers UTIs cancer and sexually transmitted disease
66
Erection is what reflex
Parasympathetic
67
sexual stimulation causes
dilation of arteries supplying the penis.
68
What mediates local vasodilation of the erection
Nitric oxide | Veins compressed and blood is trapped
69
Ejaculation is what reflex
sympathetic reflex | Muscle contractions close sphincter at base of bladder
70
What contracts during Ejaculation
muscle contractions close sphincter at base of bladder Peristaltic contractions in the ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, Ejaculatory ducts and prostate propel semen into the penile portion of the spongy urethra Ischiocavernous and bubospongiosus promote emission

A&P FT300 (13 decks)

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