Female reproductive system Flashcards
(73 cards)
0
Q
Transport 2 oocyte to uterus
A
Uterine Tubes
1
Q
produce oocytes and hormones
A
Overies
2
Q
Site of implantation of fertilized ovum, development of fetus and labour
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Uterus
3
Q
receives penis, passageway for birth
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Vagina
4
Q
synthesize, secrete and eject milk to nourish new born
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Mammary Glands
5
Q
Overies
A
paired glands resemble unshelled almonds in size and shape
Homologus to the testes
6
Q
Ovaries function
A
- produce gametes secondary oocytes that develop into mature ova (eggs), a process called “oogenesis”
- Produce hormones include progesterone and estrogens (female sex hormones) inhibin and relaxin
7
Q
Each ovary consists of
A
germinal epithelium Tunica albugenia - dense irregular connected tissue Ovarian cortex - dense irregular CT consists of stromal cells consists of ovarian follicles Ovarian medulla - Ovarian follicles Mature (Graafian) follicle Corpus luteum (yellow body) Corpus albicans
8
Q
Tunica albugenia
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dense irregular Connected tissue
9
Q
Ovarian cortex
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dense irregular connected tissue consists of stromal cells consists of ovarian follicles
10
Q
Ovarian medulla
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deep to cortex/contains blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves
11
Q
Ovarian follicles
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consist of oocytes with surrounding cells (1 layer) called follicular cell, later called “granulosa cells” (several days)
12
Q
Mature (graafian) follicle
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Large fluid filled follicle ready to rupture and release 2 oocyte - called ovulation
13
Q
Corpus luteum (yellow body)
A
contains remnants of mature follicle, produces progesterone, estrogen relaxin and inhibin until it becomes scar tissue called corpus albicans
14
Q
Corpus albiacans
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fibrous scar tissue
15
Q
Germinal epithelium
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covers the surface of the ovary. It is followed by the tunica albuginea, ovarian cortex contains ovarian follicles
16
Q
suspends uterus to ovaries from side wall of pelvis by the mesovarius
A
broad ligament
17
Q
anchors ovaries to uterus
A
ovarian ligament
18
Q
attaches ovaries to pelvic wall
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suspensory ligament
19
Q
entrance/exit for blood vessels and nerves
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hilum
20
Q
Attaches ovaries to inguinal canal
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Round ligament
21
Q
4 parts of Uterine tubes
A
- Infundibulum - funnel shaped portion close to ovary
- Ampulla - lateral 2/3
- Isthmus - more medial, short narrow thick walled that joins uterus
- Fimbriae - finger-like projections
22
Q
Uterine Tube function
A
- Fimbriae sweep oocyte into tube
- Cilia and peristalsis move it along
- sperm reaches oocyte in ampulla
- fertilization occurs within 24 hours after ovulation
- zygote reaches uterus about 7 days after ovulation
23
Q
Histology of Uterine tube
A
Mucosa = ciliated columnar epithelium with secretory cells provide nutrients Muscularis = circular and longitudinal smooth muscle - peristalsis helps move ovum down to the uterus Serosa= outer serous membrane
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Uterus function
an organ the size and shape of an inverted pear tha functions in the transport of spermatozoa, menstruation, implantation of a fertilized ovum, development of a fetus during pregnancy, and labor
3 inches long by 2 in wide and 1 in thick
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Anatomical subdivisions of uterus
fundus
body
cervix
Contains uterine cavity accessed by cervical canal (internal and external os)
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what are cervical Mucus made of
A mixture of water, glycoproteins, lipids, enzymes, and inorganic salts produced by secretory cells of the cervix
Helps with Capacitation: causes sperm cell tail to beat more vigorously
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What happens Cervical mucus is more think or thin
When thin, is more receptive to sperm
When thick, forms a cervical plug that physically impedes sperm penetration
Mucus supplements the energy needs of sperm
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normal projection of uterus over the bladder
Anteflexion
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Posterior tilting of the uterus
Retroflexion
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Downward displacement of the uterus
Uterine Prolapse
It has many causes and may be characterized as first degree (mild), second degree (marked), and third degree (complete). treat depens on the degree of prolapse
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Surgical removal of the uterus
Hysterectomy most common gynecological procedure
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Indication for Hysterectomy
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Endometriosis (the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus the tissue enters the pelvic cavity via the open uterine tubes and may be found in any of several sites on ovaries, etc)
Ovarian cysts
Excessive bleeding
Cancer of cervix, uterus or ovaries
Complete hysterectomy removes cervix
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Degree of Hysterectomy
1. Partial: body of uterus removed, cervix left in place
2. Complete: body and cervix removed
3. Radical: body, cervix, uterine tubes, possibly ovaries, superior vagina, pelvic lymph nodes, supporting structures (ligaments)
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Blood supply to Uterus
Uterine arteries branch as arcuate arteries and radial arteries that supply the myometrium
Straight and spiral branches penetrate to the endometrium
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What spiral arteries supply
Stratum functionalis
| Their constriction due to hormonal changes starts menstrual cycle
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Vagina function
As a passage way for sperm and menstrual flow, the receptable of the penis during sexual intercourse and the lower portion of the birth canal
4 inch long tubular, fibromuscular organ lined with muscous membrane that ending at cervix
Situated between urinary bladder and rectum
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Vagina histology
The mucosa of vagina is continuous with that of the uterus and lies in a series of transverse folds called rugae
Mucosa dendritic cells are Antigen presenting cells that participate in the transmission of viruses (such as HIV) to a female during intercourse with an infected male.
The mucosa contains large stores of glycogen which decompose into organic acids which set up a hostile acid environment for sperm
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What does Mucosa of vagina contain?
large stores of glycogen - decompose to acids to kill sperm
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Structures of Vagina
Fornix recess that surrounds the vaginal Attachment to the cervix, where contraceptive diaphragm sits
Mucosa continuous with that of uterus
Mucosal tissue lies in a series folds called rugae
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External genitilia of female
Vulva, aka Pundenum
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Structure of Vulva
1. Mons pubis
2. Labia Majora
3. Labia minora
4. Clitoris
5. vestibule
6. vaginal orifice
7. ext. urethral orifice
8. paraurethral gland
9. greater vestibular glands
10. Bulb of the vestibule
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Fatty pad over the pubic symphysis
Mons pubis
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Folds of skin encircling vestibule where find urethral and vaginal openings
Labia majora and minora
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Small mass of erectile tissue
Clitoris
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Masses of erectile tissue just deep to the labia on either side of the vaginal orifice
Bulb of vestibule
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Labia majora is homologous to
scrotum
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Labia minora homologous to
spongy urethra
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Vestibule homologous to
Membranous urethra
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Praurethral gland homologous to
Prostate
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Greater vestibular glands homologous to
bulbourethral glands
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Bulb of the vestibule homologous to
corpus spongiosum and bulb of the penis in males
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Diamond shaped area between the thighs in both sexes
Perineum
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Perineum two triangles
Urogenital triangle and anal triangle
| Contains external genitals and the anus
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Boundaries of Perineum
Anti pubis symphysis, posterior coccyx, lateral ischial tuberosity
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During child delivery, perineal cut made with surgical scissors
Episiotomy
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Modified sudoriferous glands contained within each breast that produce milk
Mammary glands
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What kind of glands mamary glands have?
Modified sudoriferous glands
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How many lobes do mammary glands have>
15-20 lobes separated by adipose tissue
Each lobe has smaller compartnments called lobules composed of grape like clusters of milk-secreting glands called alveoli
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grape like clusters of milk secreting glands
alveoli
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the synthesis, secretion and ejection of milk
lactation
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Structures of Mammary Glands
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Myoepithelial cells
Secondary tubules
Mammary ducts
Lactiferous sinuses
areola
alveoli
Suspensory ligaments
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pigmented area around nipple
areola
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Milk secreting cells found in clusters within lobules
Alveoli
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surround alveoli and promote milk expression
Myoepithelial cells
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Connect alveoli to the nipple
Mammary ducts
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an expansion of the mammary duct that accumulates milk and the base of the nipple
Lactiferous sinuses
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Suspend breast from deep fascia of pectoral muscles (aging & cooper's droop)
Suspensory ligaments
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most common cause of breast lump
Fibrocystic disease
one or more cysts (fluid-filled sacs)
Thickening of alveoli (clusters of milk-secreting cells develop)
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Cause of Fibrocystic disease
hormonal imbalance
Excess of estrogen or deficiency of progesterone in the postovullatory phase
Result is lumpy, swollen and tender breast a week before menstruation begins
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Surgical procedure to increase breast size and shape
Breast Augmentation
filled with saline or silicone gel
Implant under breast tissue or pec major muscle
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A surgical procedure that removes fat, skin and glandular tissue to reduce breast size
Breast reduction
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Which age group most common with fibrocystic diseases
30-50
