Spermatogenesis and oogenesis

Question 0

How many chromosomes does Primary spermatocyte has

Answer 0

46 (2n)

Question 1

Definition of spermatogenesis

Answer 1

Is the process by which the seminferous tubule of the testes produce haploid sperm.
Begins at puberty
Takes 65-75 days

Question 2

How many chromosomes does secondary spermatocyte has

Answer 2

23 (n), haploid

Question 3

how many chromosome a spermatid has

Answer 3

23 (n) haploid

Question 4

How many chromosomes a spermatogonium has

Answer 4

46 (2n) Diploid.

Question 5

What differentiates into spermatogonium

Answer 5

Primordial germ cell

Question 6

When and where Primordial germ cell migrate from yolk sac?

Answer 6

To testes at 5 th week of fetal development

Question 7

When spermatogonium wakes up?

Answer 7

Puberty

Question 8

Process of spermiogenesis

Answer 8

-Spherical spermids transform into elongated, slender sperm
- Sertoli cells dispose of excess cytoplasm
- sperm are released from the Sertoli cells, a process known as spermiation
sperm (not able to swim yet) are released into the lumen of the semiferous tubles and are pushed through the tubules by fluid produced by Sertoli cells

Question 9

What is called when sperm are released from the Sertoli cells

Answer 9

Spermiation

Question 10

What does the head of sperm contain

Answer 10

Acrosome

Question 11

What is in Acrosome

Answer 11

Enzyme (hyalurondinase and proteases) that help the sperm penetrate the 2nd oocyte

Question 12

What does the tail of sperm contain

Answer 12

Flagellum used for locomotion

Mitochondria that form ATP for locomotion

Question 13

how many sperm are produced a day and how long can it live after being ejaculated?

Answer 13

300 million per day, once ejaculated, 48 hours within the female reproductive tract

Question 14

what is the secondary male sex characteristics

Answer 14

Sexual behavior and libido
Male metabolism (bone and muscle mass heavier)
Deepening of the voice

Question 15

Definition of oogenesis

Answer 15

formation of gametes on the ovaries

Begins in females BEFORE birth

Question 16

What migrate from yolk sac to ovaries

Answer 16

Primordial germ cells

Question 17

What primordial germ cells differentiate

Answer 17

into oogonia/oogonium (singular) (Diploid 2n)
produce millions of germ cells mitotically
most degenerate by Atresia before birth

Question 18

What is the degenerating process of primary oocyte and germ cells

Answer 18

Atresia
At birth 200,000-2,000,000 primary oocytes in each ovary,
at puberty 40,000
mature and ovulate 400

Question 19

What is surrounding single layer of follicular cells

Answer 19

Primordial follicles

Question 20

what surrounds primordial follicle and what does it contain

Answer 20

Ovarian cortex and contains collagen and fibres and stromal cells (fibroblast - like)

Question 21

what does Sertoli cell sdo

Answer 21

Form blood testis barrier
support developing sperm cells
produce fluid and control release of sperm into lumen
Secrete inhibin which slows sperm production by inhibiting FSH

Question 22

what leydig cells secrete

Answer 22

testosterone in between tubles

Question 23

sequence of spermatogenesis

Answer 23

Primordial germ cells -> spermatogonia - (mitosis) -> primary spermatocytes -(meiosis I) at puberty -> secondary spermatocytes -(meiosis II) -> spermatids - (Spermiogenesis) -> Sperm (spermatozoon)

Question 24

Gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulate what to secrete what

Answer 24

Anterior pituitary gland to secretion follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 25

What does Luteinizing hormone do

Answer 25

Assists permatogenesis and stimulates leydig cells to production of testosterone

Question 26

What does Follicle stimulating hormone do

Answer 26

with testosterone, stimulates Sertoli cell to secrete Androgen binding protein to keep hormones level high for spermatogenesis

Question 27

Which hormone stimulates final steps of spermatogenesis

Answer 27

Testosterone

Question 28

Testosterone is produced by

Answer 28

Leydig cells | Too much testosterone will inhibit LH to self regulate

Question 29

Inhibin is secreted by

Answer 29

Sustentacular (Sertoli) cell | Inhibit FSH

Question 30

Reproductive system ducts in Testes

Answer 30

Seminiferous tubules - > straight tubules -> rete testis -> efferent ducts -> ductus epididymis

Question 31

Histology of a Graafian Follicle | What is clear area between oocyte and granulosa cells

Answer 31

Zona pellucida

Question 32

What is granulosa cells attached to zona pellucida

Answer 32

Corona radiata

Question 33

Formed by granulosa cells secreting follicular fluid

Answer 33

Antrum

Question 34

What stage oocyte has reached before secondary oocyte

Answer 34

Metaphase of meiosis II and stops

Question 35

what Theca interna cells secrete

Answer 35

estrogen

Question 36

What is the theca externa

Answer 36

Outer layer of stromal cells and collagen fibers

Question 37

What does FSH in female initiate

Answer 37

Growth of follicles

Question 38

What secretes estrogen

Answer 38

Follicles

Question 39

What does Luteinizing hormone in female initiate

Answer 39

Ovulation and promotes formation of the corpus luteum

Question 40

What does corpus luteum secrete

Answer 40

Estrogen, progesterone, relaxin and inhibin

Question 41

What does Estrogen do

Answer 41

Promote development and maintenance of female reproductive structures, female secondary sex characteristics and breasts Increase protein anabolism Lower blood cholesterol Moderate levels inhibit release of GnRH, FSH and LH (Follicular phase) High level will promote GnRH and LH to trigger ovulation (Luteal phase)

Question 42

What does Progesterone do

Answer 42

Works with estrogens to prepare endometrium for implantation prepares mammary glands to secrete milk Inhibits release of GnRH and LH

Question 43

What does relaxin do

Answer 43

Inhibits contractions of uterine smooth muscles | During labor, increases flexibility of pubic symphysis and dilates uterine cervix

Question 44

What does inhibin do

Answer 44

Inhibits release of FSH and to a lesser extent LH