Maternal Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
Normal Maternal Weight Gain
A
20 - 35 lbs
2
Q
Menstrual Phase
A
- sloughing off
- 1-5 days
3
Q
Proliferative Phase
A
- ⬆️ estrogen
- thickest endometrium
- 6-14 days
4
Q
Secretory Phase
A
- ⬆️ progesterone
- ⬆️ estrogen (13th day)
- ⬆️ blood flow
- Ovulation (14th day)
- Luteal Phase
- 14-25 days
5
Q
Ischemic Phase
A
- Period before menstruation
- 27-28 days
6
Q
Ovulation to Menstruation
A
- Count 14
7
Q
Menstruation to Ovulation
A
- Count 16
8
Q
Calendar Method
A
- No sex 5 days before and 3 days after
9
Q
Cervical Mucous/Billings Method
A
- Clear & Stretchable
- Spinnbarkeit sign (⬆️ estrogen)
- No sex 4 days before and 3 days after
- “I feel dry during menstruation”
- “I feel wet during ovulation”
10
Q
Basal Body Temperature
A
- ⬇️ temperature before ovulation (⬆️ estrogen)
- ⬆️ temperature during ovulation (⬆️ estrogen, ⬆️ progesterone)
- No sex 3-4 days after
11
Q
Sympthothermal
A
- Cervical Mucous + BBT
- No sex 3-4 days after
12
Q
Coitus Interruptus
A
- least effective
- withdrawal
13
Q
Ampulla
A
- fallopian tube
- ectopic pregnancy
14
Q
Isthmus
A
- BTL
15
Q
Uterus
A
- implantation
16
Q
Genotype
A
- race
17
Q
Serotype
A
- blood type
18
Q
Phenotype
A
- physical appearance
19
Q
Karyotype
A
- DNA structure
- traits
- hereditary
20
Q
XX
A
- Female
21
Q
XY
A
- male
22
Q
H-mole
A
- formation of thromboblastin
- grape like cluster/snow like cluster
23
Q
DOC for H-mole
A
- Methotrexate
- Antidote: Leucovorin
24
Q
Naegels Rule
A
- Jan - Mar = +9 +7 same year
- Apr - Dec = -3 +7 +1 year
25
McDonald's Rule
- measure fundic height
- fundic ht x 8 ÷ 7 = AOG (weeks)
- fundic ht x 2 ÷ 7 = AOG (month)
26
Bartholomew Rules
- locate fundic height
27
Quickening
- 5 months
28
Haases Rule
- measure fetal length
- 1-5 months = times by itself
- 6-10 months = times 5
29
Products of Fertilization
Conception
2 weeks
2 months
Term
ZYGOTE
EMBRYO
FETUS
30
Substance that crosses barrier
ANAC
- Antibiotics
- Narcotics
- Alcohol
- Coumadin
31
Disease that crosses placenta
TORCH
- Toxoplasmosis
- Other Infection (Hepa B, HIV, syphilis)
- Rubella (German Measles)
- Cytomegalovirus
- Herpes Simplex (aziclovir)
32
Sign of Placental Separation
GRL
3. Gushing of blood
1. Rising Fundus (Calkin Sign)
2. Lengthening of Cord
33
Placenta Increta
- invades myometrium
34
Placenta Accreta
- attach yo myometrium
- complication: abruptio placenta/bleeding
35
Placenta Bipartita
- placenta with 2 lobes
36
Placenta Tripartita
- placenta with 3 lobes
37
Placenta Succenturiata
- placenta with extra lobes
38
Battledore
- normal placenta placement but umbilical cord is attached in placental margin
39
Placenta Previa
- low lying placenta
- painless
- bright red
40
Abruptio Placenta
- premature separation of placenta
- dark red bleeding
- painful
- sharp stabbing pain
41
Fern Test
- test for ruptured BOW
- use Nitrazine Paper
- Yellow = urine (acidic)
- Blue = amniotic fluid (alkaline)
42
Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP)
- ⬆️ AFP = Neural Tube Defects
- ⬇️ AFP = Down Syndrome
43
Prenatal Frequency
- 1-7 months = monthly
- 8-9 months = every 2 weeks
- 10 months = every week
- Post term = 2x a week
44
Hypertension
- 1st trimester (H-mole)
- 2nd and 3rd trimester (PIH)
45
1st sign of PIH
- edema in hands and face
46
Maternal Weight Gain (trimester)
- 1st trimester = 1lbs per month
- 2nd and 3rd trimester = 1lbs per week
47
Varicose Vein
- decrease back flow to heart
- Mgt: leg elevation
48
Risk for Thrombus Formation
- due to venous statis in lower extremities
- Mgt: ambulation every 2 hours
49
Supine Hypotension
- due to compression of vena cava
- Mgt: left lying position
50
Leg cramps
- due to ⬇️ calcium
- Mgt: Dorsiflexion
51
Presumptive Sign of Pregnancy
1st trimester - BAUN
- Breasts tenderness
- Amenorrhea
- Urinary Frequency
- Nausea and Vomiting
2nd trimester - QC
- Quickening
- Chloasma (skin pigmentation)
52
Probable Sign of Pregnancy
1st trimester - HCG
- Hegar Sign (softening of uterus)
- Chadwick Sign (bluish vagina)
- Goodles Sign (softening of cervix)
2nd Trimester - BB
- Braxton's Hicks Contractions
- Ballotement
53
Positive Sign of Pregnancy
+ FHB
+ FHT
+ Fetal movement
+ Fetal outline
54
Bleeding complications
1st Trimester
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Abortion
2nd Trimester
- H-mole
- Incompetent cervix
3rd Trimester
- Placenta Previa
- Abruptio Placenta
55
Cullen Sign
Bluish umbilicus
56
DOC for Ectopic Pregnancy
- Methotrexate
- Salpingectomy
57
Fetal Demise
- termination of pregnancy after liability (<20 weeks)
58
Stillbirth
- baby is alive the entire pregnancy but DIED during delivery
59
Spontaneous Abortion
- cause by chromosomal abnormality
60
Induced Abortion
- intentional abortion
61
Threatened Abortion
+ spotting
+ abdominal cramping
- cervical dilation
62
Inevitable (Imminent) Abortion
+ Spotting
+ Abdominal cramping
+ Cervical dilation
63
Complete Abortion
- all products are expelled
64
Incomplete Abortion
- some products are retained
65
Missed Abortion
- Fetal death in the uterus
66
Habitual Abortion
- 3 or more spontaneous abortion
- cause by incompetent cervix
67
Management for Habitual Abortion
1. McDonald's - temporary cerclage (NSVD)
2. Shirodkar - permanent cerclage (CS)
68
Leopold Manuever
- determine fetal presentation
- void first
- supine with knees flexed
69
Leopold Manuever 1
- fetal presentation is cephalic or breech
- head: more firm, round and had moves independently
- breech: less well defined moves on in conjunction with the body
70
Leopold Manuever 2
- locate fetal back
- Back:smooth, hard, resistant surface
- Knees/Elbow: several angular nodulation
71
Leopold Manuever 3
- determine the part of the fetus at the inlet and its mobility
- head is not engaged: move upward or sideward
- head is engaged: head is firm settled into the pelvis
72
Leopold Manuever 4
- determine fetal attitude and degree of fetal extension into pelvis
- done only if in cephalic presentation
73
Amniocentesis
- withdrawal of amniotic fluid
- 2nd trimester
- determine
1. Maple syrup urine disease - unable to process amino acid
2. Cytinosis - accumulation of cystine within cell
74
Ultrasound
- diagnose pregnancy
- determine sex
- predict maturity of lungs
- confirm the presence, size, and location of the placenta and amniotic fluid
- drink plenty of water
75
Non-Stress Test
- measure the response of fetal heart rate in relation to fetal movement
- Reactive: 2 or more acceleration of FHR
- Non-reactive: no acceleration
76
Contractions Stress Test
- measure response of fetal heart rate to uterine contractions
1. Nipple Stimulation
2. Oxytocin stimulation
77
Fetal Station
(-) floating
0 engaged
(+) crowning
78
Mechanism of Labor
ED FIRE ERE
- Engagement
- Descent
- Flexion
- Internal Rotation
- Extension
- External Rotation
- Expulsion
79
Precipitate Labor
- uterine contractions are strong
- labor that lasts less than 3 hours
80
Complete position
Sitting
81
Frank positions
Buttocks
82
Footling
Thigh or lower legs
83
Gestation Hypertension
- ⬆️ bp
- no edema
- no proteinuria
- bp returns to normal after delivery
84
HELLP Syndrome
- Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, Low Platelet
- proteinuria
- edema
- ⬆️bp
- Mgt: fresh frozen plasma
85
Early Deceleration
- fetal head compression
- begins and ends simultaneously with uterine contractions
86
Late Decelerations
- utero placental insufficiency
- delayed until 30-40 sec after the onset of contraction
87
Variable Decelerations
- fetal cord compression
- unpredictable occurrence
88
Puerperium
- 6 weeks period after childbirth
- Main Priority: achieve involution
89
Involution
- return of the reproductive organ to pre-pregnancy state
- restoration of normal menstrual cycle
90
Takin in Phase
- woman review her pregnancy and labor and birth
- dependent for care of self and newborn
- rejecting rooming in
91
Taking Hold Phase
- begin to initiate action
- independent of self care and newborn care
92
Letting Go Phase
- woman finally redefined her new role
- she gives up the fantasized image of a child
- accept reality
93
Rubra
- 1-3 days
- bright red
94
Serosa
- Day 3-10
- pinkish to brownish
95
Alba
- Day 10 until 6th week postpartum
- white in color
96
Return of Menstruation
- Lactating: 6 months
- Non-Lactating: 6-10 weeks
97
Pregnant receiving insulin (trimester)
1st trimester - ⬇️ due to hypoglycemia (brain development of baby)
2nd & 3rd trimester - ⬆️ due to GDM
Postpartum - ⬇️ due to delivery of placenta
