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III. Vision of Children > Measuring Visual Acuity (M1) > Flashcards

Measuring Visual Acuity (M1) Flashcards

1
Q

How many letters per line are there for a LogMAR chart? 1. What is each letter “worth”? 2

A
  1. 5

2. 0.02

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2
Q

What is the gold standard for VA for children? 1. What are the test distances used for this? 2. What is it measured in? 3. Is this a 2AFC test or a preferential looking test? 4

A
  1. Teller visual acuity
  2. 38, 55, 84cm (55 mostly)
  3. cpd (not Snellen)
  4. preferential looking test
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3
Q

What is the type of measurement that shows the ability to resolve a critical element of a stimulus or pattern?

A

resolution acuity

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4
Q

Which protocol for amblyopia visual acuity assessment is used for children under 7? 1. Older than 7? 2

A
  1. ATS HOTV protocol

2. E-ETDRS protocol

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5
Q

What is the test of visual ability where a large bright object is moved slowly 1-2 feet from the patient? 1. How is it recorded? 2

A
  1. Fix and follow
  2. “F&F” = normal; “CSM” = not normal; central (C) or eccentric (UC); steady (S) or poor (US); Maintained fixation (M) or unmaintained (UM)
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6
Q

Since the optokinetic nystagmus test involves motion, what type of vision may still respond? 1. How would you be able to tell the Snellen acuity? 2

A
  1. poor central vision

2. vary test distance

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7
Q

What is the type of measurement that shows if the eye has the ability to see but does not quantify it?

A

visual ability

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8
Q

During the 10 pd Base Up Test what should be asked of the patient? 1. What should be looked for by the examiner? 2

A
  1. ask if see two targets

2. look for eye behind prism to saccade down to find the target. Test both eyes

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9
Q

What is the problem with the American Optical Picture Chart?

A

unequal blur, luminance and size

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10
Q

What type of acuity are the Lea Symbols measuring? 1. What are the options for administration? 2. What are the units used? 3

A
  1. recognition acuity
  2. naming, matching, 2AFC
  3. logMAR
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11
Q

What are the major preferential looking tests?

A
  1. Teller VA
  2. Patti stripes
  3. Lea gratings
  4. Richmond face dot paddles
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12
Q

What is the test that looks at how the patient reacts differently when covering one of their eyes than the other? 1. How is it recorded? 2

A
  1. resistance to occlusion

2. No RTO, equal RTO or RTO OD/OS

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13
Q

What is the type of measurement that shows the ability to identify a particular symbol?

A

recognition acuity

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14
Q

Why is measuring the visual acuity of a child important?

A
  1. medicolegal reasons (establish VA before manipulate)
  2. monitor disease progress
  3. understand level of visual ability
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15
Q

What is the difference between the Lea Symbols and Patti Pics?

A

have a 5th optotype

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16
Q

If you double the distance, how many lines worse should VA be?

A

3 lines worse

17
Q

What is done to find the MAR for VA?

A

inverse of Snellen and divide (20/100 = 5 min arc)

18
Q

For the decimal notation of a VA what is done?

A

divide Snellen fraction (20/100 = 0.2)

19
Q

How many cycles per degree are in 1 min of arc (20/20)?

A

30

20
Q

What type of test is the Sjogren hand test/ tumbling E/ Landolt C? 1. Why is this a poor test in preschoolers? 2

A
  1. resolution acuity

2. requires laterality and directionality development

21
Q

When is resolution acuity present? 1. When is it mature? 2.

A
  1. birth

2. 3 to 6 months

22
Q

Which resolution acuity test uses a vanishing optotype paradigm with more interesting targets than gratings? 1. What is this test especially useful for? 2

A
  1. Cardiff cards

2. determine VA on pt’s with congenital nystagmus

23
Q

Which test is just like the Landolt C but takes away the concept of directionality? 1. Is this a 2AFC test or a preferential looking test? 2

A
  1. Broken wheel

2. 2AFC

24
Q

What type of acuity are the HOTV charts measuring? 1. What are the options for administration? 2. What are the units used? 3. What makes it more difficult than Lea? 4

A
  1. recognition acuity
  2. naming or matching
  3. logMAR
  4. letters harder than pictures

III. Vision of Children (19 decks)

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