Med Surg Final Flashcards
(203 cards)
1
Q
What is the treatment for anthrax
A
antibiotics - penicillin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin
2
Q
antiemetics
A
promethazine, dexamethasone, ondansetron
3
Q
emetics
A
syrup of ipecac, charcoal
4
Q
How to check for placement of an NG tube
A
inject air, and listen for placement with stethescope
5
Q
When do you hold tube feeding
A
100 mL or more
6
Q
How should the head of the bed be for a tube feed person
A
semi fowlers
7
Q
Post op abdominal surgery nursing care
A
splint incision, bowel sounds, gag reflex, bleeding, pain control
8
Q
signs and symptoms of appendicitis
A
RLQ pain, guarding, rebound tenderness
9
Q
Post op care for appendectomy
A
pain, bleeding, gag relfex
10
Q
what complications to watch for post op appendectomy
A
infection - bleeding
11
Q
with a gastrectomy or gastritis - what vitamin will be lacking and why
A
B12 - not enough intrinsic factor
12
Q
what condition would not enough B12 cause
A
Pernicious Anemia
13
Q
Treatment for pernicious anemia
A
B12 injections
14
Q
symptoms of Pernicious anemia
A
confusion, anemic symptoms, sweating
15
Q
gastric ulcer
A
open sore in stomach
16
Q
GERD
A
stomach contents comes up into lower esophagus irritates it and causes heart burn
17
Q
hiatal hernia
A
part of stomach pushes up through diaphragm
18
Q
What is the most common cause of gastric and duodenal ulcers
A
H. pylori bacteria
19
Q
What is the treatment for gastric and duodenal ulcers
A
antibiotics - antacids
20
Q
If metronidazole (flagyl) is used what special instructions would you give the patient
A
don’t drink alcohol
21
Q
What medications are used to treat GERD
A
Antacid - counteracts effects of stomach acid
PPI - decreases acid release in stomach
Antidiarrheal - reduces frequency and urgency of bowel movements
22
Q
what is dumping syndrome
A
food goes down to intestines very fast
23
Q
What is the cause of dumping syndrome
A
gastrectomy
24
Q
symptoms of dumping syndrome
A
flushing, N/V, tachycardia, abdominal pain
25
cause of esophageal varices
cirrhosis -severe liver scarring
26
treatment of esophageal varices
vasoconstrictors
27
action of vasopressin
constriction of blood vessels
28
symptoms of esophageal varices
bloating, bleeding, melena, hand tremors
29
what type of effluent comes from each ostomy
ileostomy - liquid
| colostomy - formed
30
symptoms of impaction
liquid stool, pain, urge to defecate, N/V, headache
31
treatment for diarrhea
BRAT diet, pedialyte, fluids, electrolytes
32
meds for diarrhea
loperamide, bismuth subsalicylate (pepto bismol)
33
treatment for constipation
fiber, exercise, fluids
34
meds for constipation
laxatives - senna - docusate sodium - psyllium - bisacodyl
35
what is crohn's disease
chronic inflammation of digestive tract lining
36
surgical treatment for crohn's disease
bowel resection
37
what is intussception
intestine telescopes itself
38
what is volvulos
intestine twists
39
what is diverticulitis
inflamed outpouches in the sigmoid colon
40
common cause of diverticulitis
constipation - eating seeds
41
symptoms of ulcerative colitis
abdominal cramps - pain - rectal bleeding - blood diarrhea
42
symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome
gas, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, depression, palpitations
43
treatment for Irritable bowel syndrome
increase fiber - small meals - stress management
44
when should an abdominal hernia be considered an emergency
when it doesn't go back inside after lying down or with pressure
45
symptoms you should observe for emergency hernia
fever, chills, N/V, blood stool
46
what foods can people with celiac disease not have
gluten
47
what are normal functions of the liver
produces bile, metabolism, filters out toxins, gets rid of ammonia
48
symptoms with liver failure
jaundice, confusion, increased ammonia, increased PT
49
How are hepatitis A and E transmitted
fecal - oral
50
how are hepatitis B and C transmitted
blood and body flulids
51
melena
old blood in stool
52
hematochezia
new blood in stool
53
hematemesis
new blood in vomit
54
cause of pancreatitis
heavy alcohol use - gall stones
55
what meds would you give for pancreatitis
H2 blockers
56
typical labs ordered for pancreatitis
serum amylase 3X normal
57
what is the cause of gallbladder diseaese
gallstone stuck in biliary duct
58
symptoms of gallbladder disease
pain RUQ, N/V, fever, chills, jaundice
59
post op care for gallbladder disease
bleeding/ infection
60
tests for hearing acuity
weber test - tuning fork on head - same sound in both ears
rinne test - tuning fork behind ear on bone - in front of ear - air conduction twice as long as bone conduction
whisper test - whisper - see if they heard what you said
61
How would you document normal pupils
PERRLA - pupils equal round reactive to light accommodation
62
vision assessment
snellen chart
63
what do the numbers on a snellen chart mean
20/20 client sees at 20 ft what normal vision would see at 20 feet
20/100 client sees 20 ft normal 100 feet
64
what instructions would you give a patient after experiencing eye trauma
patch both eyes
65
visual disturbances with glaucoma
can't see peripheral - only central vision
66
visual disturbances with macular degenereation
only peripheral - central blacked out
67
visual disturbances with retinal detachment (diabetic retinopathy
blurry with spots
68
visual disturbances with cataracts
blurry
69
cause of conjunctivitis
bacteria
70
treatment for conjunctivitis
antibiotics
71
nursing care for vision impaired
plate compare to clock - talk when entering room
72
nursing care of the hearing impaired
talk low pitch - slowly - clearly
73
otitis externa
painful infection of outer ear
74
symptoms of otitis externa
redness, warmth, pain itching, pressure
75
teaching for otitis externa
use ear plugs when swimming, don't swim for 7-10 days
76
otitis media
inflammation of middle ear
77
what are symptoms of Meniere's disease
vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss
78
treatment of Meniere's disease
diuretics, surgery, promethazine (antivertigo), not highly stimulating areas, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
79
what is otosclerosis
new bone forms along stapes - stapes becomes immobile - hearing loss
80
meds that dilate pupil
mydriatic
81
meds that constrict the eye
miotics
82
cause of glaucoma
increased pressure
83
acute open angle glaucoma
no symptoms until vision loss has occurred
84
closed angle glaucoma
caused by sudden increase in pressure in eye
85
goal of meds and surgery in glaucoma
decrease pressure
86
what type of eyedrops are typically given for glaucoma
miotic - pilocarpine
87
what medications/ eye drops should be avoided
corticosteroids, antihistamines, anticholinergics (atropine), decongestants
88
procedure for adult ear drops
pull ear up and back
89
procedure for kids ear drops
pull ear down and back
90
procedure for eye drop administration
pull down lower eyelid and drop into lower conjunctiva
91
Right eye
OD
92
Left eye
OS
93
Right ear
AD
94
Left ear
AS
95
both eyes
OU
96
both ears
AU
97
what is the expected treatment for a severe allergic reaction
epinephrine
98
what should the nurse have on hand when a patient is undergoing allergy testing
epinephrine
99
what does histamine do
sympathetic nervous system - fight or flight
100
what is an autoimmune disease
your immune mistakes your body as foreign and starts destroying it
101
symptoms of hemolytic transfusion reaction
itching, redness, warmth, hives
102
nursing care for hemolytic transfusion reaction
stop immediately
check vitals
maintain IV access
call doctor
103
what vitamin is needed to absorb Calcium
vitamin D
104
what vitamin is needed to absorb Iron
Vitamin C
105
Name some corticosteroids
hydrocortisone, prednisone, methylprednisone
106
what are the side effects/health effects of corticosteroids
moon face, hump neck, weight gain, facial hair, increase blood sugar, osteoporosis, cataracts
107
what are special instructions would you give to a patient taking corticosteroids
don't discontinue abruptly
108
how is HIV transmitted
blood and body fluids
109
how is it not transmitted
contact, hugging, shaking hands, sharing dishes, closed mouth kissing, mosquitos, ticks
110
how can HIV be prevented
abstinence - condoms - don't inject drugs
111
what precautions would you use when caring for an HIV infected patient
cook produce completely - contact precautions
112
what are HIV meds
antiretroviral - zidovudine
113
what is the most common cuase of death
Aids - pneumonia
114
what teaching instructions would you give to AIDs patient regarding what to avoid
cook produce completely
115
nursing measures to administer topical meds
on skin
116
side effects of accutane
dry mouth, cracked lips, itchy, dry nose, nose bleeding
117
pregnancy category of accutane
category X
118
macule
flat colored spot
119
papule
solid raised lesion
120
vesicle
fluid filled blister < 1 cm
121
pustule
pus filled
122
bulla
fluid filled vesicle > 1 cm
123
wheal
red around - white in middle - hives
124
lichenification
caused by itching - thick leathery patches of skin
125
crust
scab
126
plaque
raised lesion > 1 cm scaly, crust
127
cyst
pouch of semi solid, solid, liquid fluid
128
fissure
split - crack in skin
129
ulceration
opened sore - dermis
130
erythema
red - dilation, infection
131
jaundice
yellow - liver gallbladder
132
cyanosis
blue - lungs
133
pallor
pale - anemia, lack of blood flow
134
what is herpes zoster
shingles
135
symptoms of herpes zoster
vesicles, bright red plaques, irritation, itching, fever, pain
136
treatment for herpes zoster
rest - anti viral - control nerve pain
137
symptoms of tinea infections
itching, stinging, blisters, red scaly rash
138
locations of tinea
pedis - foot
cruris - groin
capitis - scalp
corporis - body
139
complications of burns
ABC
140
Rule of 9's what percentage does each body part represent
9%
141
what percentage does the palm represent
1%
142
symptoms of inhalation burns
cough, shortness of breath, hoarseness, headache, face - neck burn
143
if a patient has any injury to an extremity what should the nurse alwasy assess
6 P's
| pulse, pallor, paresthesia, pain, paralysis, poikilothermia
144
For osteoporosis, what medication stops the resorption of bone and increases the build up of bone
calcitonin
145
symptoms of gout
stiff joints - pain - redness
146
what lab test suggests the presence of gout
high uric acid - urine test
147
typical symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis
joint pain, fatigue, anemia, malaise
148
Aspirin are often used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. what is the main sign of salicylate (aspirin) toxicity
tinnitus - ringing in ears
149
symptoms of fat embolism
shortness of breath, tachycardia, hypoxia, confusion
150
care of client in traction
weights are hanging freely
151
cast care
don't put anything in cast - don't get wet
152
foods to avoid with gout
alcohol - red meats
153
management of client with bursitis
exercise - NSAIDS - RICE - rest, ice, compression, elevation
154
symptoms of osteoarhritis
pain, joints swelling, stiffness
155
what is osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone caused by infection
156
which bioterrorism agent can only be transferred between humans
small pox
157
morbidity and mortality of botulism is usually because of
respiratory distress
158
when is it acceptable to irrigate and lavage NG tube
when it's clogged
159
which fluid to irrigate NG tube with
NS
160
symptoms of hemorrhagic shock
tachycardia, hypotension, weakness, decreased H & H, decreased LOC
161
Different colors- drainage from wounds
serous - clear
serosanguinous - pink
sanguinous - red (blood)
162
which skin lesions should be investigated for possible malignancy
```
Asymmetrical
Border irregular
Color
Diameter
Elevation - evolution
black
```
163
which WBC is most common cause of leukemia
lymphocyte
164
symptoms of leukemia
decreased WBC
165
treatment of leukemia
chemotherapy - blood transfusion - stem cell transplant
166
care of client with lumbar puncture
flat on back - drink before and after
167
care of client with meningitis
droplet precautions
168
care of client experiencing a seizure
don't restrain - keep safe - document
169
care of client with parkinsons
special silverware, no rugs on floor, no cords dragging on floor - easily fall
170
symptoms of intercranial pressure
headache, confusion, N/V, decreased LOC
171
care of someone with increased ICP
sedation - drain CSF
172
What is guillain barre syndrome
immune system attacks nerves - leads to weakness and eventually paralysis - need a blood transfusion
173
cause of multiple sclerosis
autoimmune
174
care of client with Bells Palsy
PT test, artificial tears, corticosteroids
175
care of client with spinal cord injury
keep still - move as a whole
176
Diet and care of client with iron deficiency anemia
orange juice (vitamin C) - fiber - ferrous sulfate
177
Treatment plan for a client with sickle cell anemia
blood transfusion
178
Normal levels of INR if patient is on Warfarin (Coumadin)
2-3
179
Normal INR if patient isn't on Warfarin (Coumadin)
1-2
180
Normal PTT
25-35 sec
181
Reversal agent for Heparin
Protamine Sulfate
182
Methods of birth control for a female
condoms - hormonal birth control
183
which birth control is most effective
abstinence
184
symptosm of prostitis
urgency - frequency - low back pain
185
symptoms of BPH
increased urination - frequency - nocturia - weak urine stream
186
different types of shock
```
Hypovolemic: sudden loss of fluid
Cardiogenic: HA - inflamed heart
Obstruction: Obstruction in blood vessel
Distributive: Anaphylactic: allergic
Septic: infection
Neurogenic: CNS damage
```
187
symptoms of shock
tachycardia - hypotension - tachypnea - weakness - pale - cool skin
188
symptoms of myocardial Infarction
angina - shortness of breath - dizzy - nausea
189
care of person with a heart aneurysm
maintain BP
190
what causes atherosclerosis
high BP - smoking - high alcohol
191
symptoms of right sided heart failure
ascites - JVD - edema
192
symptoms of left sided heart failure
crackles - pink frothy sputum - fatigue
193
when should clients with infective endocarditis take antibiotics
dental procedure - surgery
194
what is the history of a person diagnosed with rheumatic fever
strep
195
what instructions would you give a client on using an incentive spirometer
take a deep breath - make ball high for as long as possible
196
best time for postural drainage
before meal - on an empty stomach
197
symptoms of laryngeal cancer
hoarseness for over 2 weeks
198
care of client with thyroidectomy
thyroid replacement hormone
199
symptoms of type 1 diabetes
increased thirst, frequent urination, hunger, fatigue, blurred vision
200
what causes type 2 diabetes
kiet - lifestyle - exercise
201
symptoms of of hypoglycemia
confusion, dizzy, sweating, hungry
202
wymptoms of hyperglycemia
polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, headache, fruit smelling breath
203
what is the function of the parathyroid gland
controls the body's calcium levels
