GI Unit Test

Question 1

How is hepatitis A and E transmitted

Answer 1

fecal - oral

Question 2

How is hepatitis C and B transmitted

Answer 2

blood and body fluids

Question 3

There is a vaccine for which of the Hepatitis forms

Answer 3

Hepatitis A and B

Question 4

What is the dose schedule for Hepatitis B

Answer 4

3 doses - 0 - 1 - 6 months apart

Question 5

What is cirrhosis

Answer 5

progressive replacement of healthy liver tissue with scar tissue

Question 6

what are early symptoms of cirrhosis

Answer 6

enlarged, firm, hard

Question 7

what are late symptoms of cirrhosis

Answer 7

shrinks, scar tissue, gray

Question 8

What is lactulose (Cephulac) and what is its action

Answer 8

synthetic sugar - laxative - ammonium reducer

Question 9

How is ascites removed

Answer 9

paracentesis

Question 10

what causes esophageal varices

Answer 10

cirrhosis

Question 11

What medications are commonly given for esophageal varices

Answer 11

vasoconstrictors

Question 12

What is hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 12

loss of brain function when damaged liver can’t remove toxins from blood

Question 13

Symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 13

forgetful, confused, sweet smell, shaking hands, slurred speech

Question 14

What is the treatment for liver cancer

Answer 14

surgery - chemotherapy

Question 15

What are symptoms of pancreatitis

Answer 15

abdominal pain, hypotension, respiratory distress, N/V, tachycardia, jaundice, steathorrea

Question 16

What blood test is used to help diagnose pancreatitis

Answer 16

amylase or lipase - 3x normal

Question 17

If a patient is receiving TPN, what should be checked regularly

Answer 17

blood sugar

Question 18

What are the 4 exocrine products of the pancreas and what do these do

Answer 18

amylase - carbs (starch)
lipase - fat
trypsin - protein
bicarbonate juice - neutralize stomach acid

Question 19

What are risk factors for pancreatic cancer

Answer 19

high fat diet, smoking, diabetes, alcohol, pancreatitis

Question 20

What are symptoms of peritonitis

Answer 20

RIGID ABDOMEN, pain, rebound tenderness

Question 21

What are symptoms of impaction

Answer 21

pain, liquid stool, N/V, bloating

Question 22

What is a symptom of perforation

Answer 22

severe pain, chills, fever, N/V

Question 23

What is diverticulosis

Answer 23

out pouches in sigmoid colon

Question 24

what is diverticulitis

Answer 24

inflamed out pouches in the colon

Question 25

What are teaching points for a patient with diverticulosis

Answer 25

high fiber, don't eat seeds

Question 26

What is a hernia

Answer 26

small intestine bulges into peritoneum

Question 27

what are risk factors for colon cancer

Answer 27

tobacco, alcohol, smoking

Question 28

What are characteristics of a normal healthy stoma

Answer 28

red, shiny, moist

Question 29

What determines the type of effluent from a colostomy

Answer 29

where in the colon it is - proximal or distal

Question 30

What is docusate sodium (Colace)

Answer 30

Laxative

Question 31

What can taking NSAIDS cause in the GI tract and how

Answer 31

blocks prostaglandins - decreases mucus lining of stomach - could result in stomach ulcers

Question 32

What is the name of old dark blood in stool

Answer 32

melena

Question 33

What vitamin is deficient when the stomach is completely or partially removed

Answer 33

Vitamin B12

Question 34

What are teaching points for a patient trying to avoid dumping syndrome

Answer 34

small meals, eat slowly, no water with meal, like down after eating, decrease carb, increased protein

Question 35

What order should the abdomen be assessed

Answer 35

Inspect - Auscultate - Palpation - Percussion

Question 36

What is the most common cause of peptic ulcers

Answer 36

H. Pylori bacteria

Question 37

Describe active, hypoactive, and hyperactive bowel sounds

Answer 37

active: 5-30/min hypoactive: 1-2/min hyperactive: frequent - loud

Question 38

Antacids

Answer 38

Mylanta - Tums - Milk of Magnesia

Question 39

Anti-emetics

Answer 39

Ondansetron - Dextromethasone - Promethazine

Question 40

Emetics

Answer 40

Syrup of ipecac - charcoal

Question 41

H2 blockers

Answer 41

Ranitidine - Amotidine

Question 42

Stimulant Laxatives

Answer 42

senna - castor oil - bisacodyl

Question 43

Bulk forming laxatives

Answer 43

psyllium - methylcellulose

Question 44

Proton Pump inhibitors

Answer 44

Omeprazole - Pantoprazole

Question 45

Ascites

Answer 45

excess fluid in abdomen

Question 46

Asterixis

Answer 46

tremor of hand when wrist is extended

Question 47

Anasarca

Answer 47

swelling of whole body due to edema

Question 48

encephalopathy

Answer 48

brain disease that alters brain function/structure

Question 49

fetor hepaticus

Answer 49

musty sweet breath odor with portal hypertension

Question 50

hepato-renal syndrome

Answer 50

impaired kidney function due to advanced liver disease

Question 51

hepatitis

Answer 51

inflammation of liver

Question 52

jaundice

Answer 52

yellow skin due to excessive vilirubin

Question 53

portal hypertension

Answer 53

persistant BP elevation in portal circulation

Question 54

steatorrhea

Answer 54

fat in stool

Question 55

flatulence

Answer 55

gas

Question 56

varices

Answer 56

dilated veins

Question 57

Cullen's sign

Answer 57

purple discoloration around umbilicus

Question 58

laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Answer 58

laparoscopic removal of gallbladder surgery

Question 59

cholecystitis

Answer 59

inflammation of gallbladder

Question 60

pruritis

Answer 60

itchy skin

Question 61

eructation

Answer 61

belching

Question 62

cholelithiasis

Answer 62

formation of gallstones

Question 63

Turner's sign

Answer 63

purple discoloration of flank

Question 64

bilirubin

Answer 64

yellow compound that breaks down the "heme" of hemoglobin

Question 65

melena

Answer 65

old blood in stool

Question 66

hematochezia

Answer 66

new blood in stool

Question 67

hematemesis

Answer 67

new blood in vomit

Question 68

Different causes of jaundice

Answer 68

hemolytic: excess destruction of RBC hepatocellular: liver disease - cannot clear bile obstructive: block an exit of bile between liver and small intestine

Question 69

How does liver disease affect medication administration

Answer 69

medication becomes toxic - build up in system

Question 70

What is fulminant liver failure

Answer 70

acute liver failure - sudden massive loss of liver tissue

Question 71

What area are these substances secreted into

Answer 71

duodenum

Question 72

What is an ERCP

Answer 72

scope that goes into duodenum - puts dye in backwards and looks at cystic duct

Question 73

What structures are visualized with an ERCP

Answer 73

gallbladder - pancreas

Question 74

What is the main reason an NG tube is inserted post abdominal surgery

Answer 74

to rest the stomach - low intermittent suction

Question 75

What type of effluent would occur from an ileostomy

Answer 75

liquid

Question 76

What is a double barrel colostomy

Answer 76

2 stoma's - when it heals - put ends back together

Question 77

How often should stool from a continent ileostomy be emptied

Answer 77

every 6-8 hours

Question 78

what can happen to blood sugar when TPN is removed too quickly

Answer 78

blood sugar drops

Question 79

Prostaglandin-like drugs

Answer 79

misoprostol (cytotec)

Question 80

Prostaglandin inhibitors

Answer 80

NSAIDS - aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen

Question 81

Murphy's sign

Answer 81

press on right side below ribs - can't breathe in...very painful

Question 82

colic

Answer 82

GI pain that comes and goes in waves.

Question 83

Symptoms of dehiscence

Answer 83

Open wound, pain at wound site, bleeding from wound

Question 84

symptoms of evesceration

Answer 84

intestines come out

Question 85

Where is duodenal pain felt

Answer 85

umbilicus