Sensory Exam (eye & ear)

Question 1

myopia

Answer 1

nearsighted (can see near) wears concave glasses

Question 2

hyperopia

Answer 2

farsighted (can see far) wears convex glasses

Question 3

astigmatism

Answer 3

irregular shape of cornea (bent)

Question 4

presbyopia

Answer 4

with age, people can’t see up close because the elasticity of the lens is decreased

Question 5

what would qualify a person as legally blind

Answer 5

20/200 vision with glasses

Question 6

what are special considerations when caring for a blind person

Answer 6

speak softly
be descriptive
help with hygiene

Question 7

what is the leading cause of blindness in the US

Answer 7

diabetes

Question 8

what classes of meds are used to treat glaucoma

Answer 8

beta blockers, miotics, prosteglandins, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretics

Question 9

what are side effects of pilocarpine

Answer 9

stinging, burning, itching, redness, swelling, headache

Question 10

for how long should a patient take glaucoma meds

Answer 10

for life - unless there is surgery

Question 11

what classes of meds or specific meds should be avoided if a patient has glaucoma

Answer 11

corticosteroids, antihistamines (benadryl), anti-cholinergic (atropine), decongestants, asthma meds

Question 12

what are symptoms of chronic open angle glaucoma

Answer 12

decreased visual acuity and peripheral fields, photophobia (light sensitivity), no pain

Question 13

which type of glaucoma is considered to be a medical emergency and what are symptoms

Answer 13

acute angle closure glaucoma

pain, blurred vision, steamy cornea, photophobia

Question 14

what are symptoms of retinal detachment

Answer 14

flashes of light, sensation, foggy, cloudy loss of central vision, blurry

Question 15

when an air bubble is inserted into the vitreous humor, what position must the patient stay in

Answer 15

lying down, non operative side of head on bed

Question 16

what symptoms of cataracts

Answer 16

painless, blurred vision, double vision, glare, abnormal color, difficulty driving at night

Question 17

what should be included in the diet to maintain eye health

Answer 17

fruit, vegetables, fish (vitamin A,C, Zinc)

Question 18

what is treatment for cataracts

Answer 18

lens replacement - surgery

Question 19

what are post op instructions for any eye surgery

Answer 19

prevent N/V, watch for increased P, cough and sneeze with mouth open, anti emetics

Question 20

what is macular degeneration

Answer 20

progressive damage to macula of retina eventually causes blindness

Question 21

what are symptoms of macular degeneration

Answer 21

can’t see central vision

Question 22

what is vertigo

Answer 22

dizziness

Question 23

what is tinnitus

Answer 23

ringing in ears

Question 24

what common medication will cause tinnitus if there is an overdose

Answer 24

aspirin

Question 25

what causes conductive hearing loss

Answer 25

wax, infection, fluid, punctured ear drum, tumors

Question 26

how is conductive hearing loss treated

Answer 26

removal of wax, antibiotics, tubes for drainage, hearing aids

Question 27

what causes sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 27

damaged cochlea, loud music, nerve damage

Question 28

how is sensorineural hearing loss treated

Answer 28

amplification, hearing aid, cochlear implant

Question 29

what causes central hearing loss

Answer 29

genetics, damage through trauma, infections, tumors

Question 30

what is the weber test

Answer 30

tuning fork on top of head - same loudness in both ears

Question 31

what is the rinne test

Answer 31

tuning fork behind ear on bone, then fork in front of ear - air conduction twice as long as bone conduction

Question 32

what is a whisper test

Answer 32

whisper and have them say what you said

Question 33

what is the most common cause of otitis externa

Answer 33

swimmers ear(bad water in ear that washes away protective layer of wax)

Question 34

what are teaching points when discharging a patient with otitis externa

Answer 34

use ear plugs when swimming | don't swim for 7-10 days

Question 35

what is otitis media

Answer 35

inflammation of middle ear

Question 36

what causes otitis media

Answer 36

infection travels up eustachian tube

Question 37

what stabilizes air pressure in the middle ear

Answer 37

eustachian tube

Question 38

what is otosclerosis

Answer 38

new bone forms along stapes - stapes becomes immobile

Question 39

what are symptoms of otosclerosis

Answer 39

can't hear low tones, tinnitus, pink - orange eardrum, hearing loss

Question 40

what is treatment for otosclerosis

Answer 40

surgery, insert prosthesis stapes, hearing aid

Question 41

what is post stapedectomy care

Answer 41

watch for dizziness, antie metics, avoid sneezing, no water in ear, precautions for light-headedness

Question 42

what is acoustic neuroma

Answer 42

benign tumor on auditory nerve

Question 43

how is acoustic neuroma treated

Answer 43

monitoring, surgery, radiation therapy

Question 44

what is treatment for a bug in the ear

Answer 44

mineral oil to suffocate and remove bug

Question 45

what is meniere's disease

Answer 45

disorder of inner ear - overproduction of ear fluid called endolymph

Question 46

what are symptoms of meniere's diseases

Answer 46

vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss

Question 47

treatment for meniere's disease

Answer 47

diuretics, decrease Na, anti-vertigo, surgery, shunt, promethazine, limit movement