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Bio 2 (Let's go Chagnon) > Membranes > Flashcards

Membranes Flashcards

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1
Q

Semi-permeable layer that separates the cell from the external environment

A

Plasma membrane

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2
Q

Controls the passage of material into and out of the cell (gate keeper but does not protect)

A

Plasma membrane

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3
Q

Name the 5 components of cellular membranes.

A
  1. phospholipid bilayer
  2. cholesterol
  3. integral and peripheral proteins
  4. glycoproteins
  5. glycolipids
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4
Q

They form bi-layer framework

A

Phospholipids

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5
Q

It stabilizes phospholipid fluidity

A

Cholesterol

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6
Q

Bio-molecules found in membranes

A
  • Lipid
  • Protein
  • Glyco-molecules (carbs)
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7
Q

What is glycolipid?

A

A complex of oligosaccharide bound to lipid used in tissue recognition

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8
Q

What is glycoprotein?

A

A complex of oligosaccharide bound to protein used in cell (“self”) recognition

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9
Q

Describes the membrane organization

A

Fluid mosaic model

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10
Q

Has AMPHIPATHIC properties (molecule is both polar and non-polar) which will influence what can cross the membrane

A

Phospholipid

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11
Q

Lipid bilayer

A

Plasma membrane

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12
Q

It has different effects on membrane fluidity at different temperatures

A

Cholesterol

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13
Q

At warm temperatures, it restrains movement of phospholipids

A

Cholesterol

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14
Q

At cool temperatures, it maintains fluidity by preventing tight packing

A

Cholesterol

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15
Q

Proteins that are embedded within the membrane

A

Integral Proteins

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16
Q

Proteins that are temporarily bound to surface of bilayer

A

Peripheral Proteins

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17
Q

Membrane protein functions (6)

A
  1. transporters: control movement of material
  2. enzymes: catalyze
  3. cell surface receptors: bind signal molecules
  4. cell surface identity markers: ID a cell type
  5. cell-to-cell adhesion proteins: bind cells
  6. attachments to the cytoskeleton: structure and guide
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18
Q

Active transport

A

Carrier, protein changes shape to move molecules, ATP needed (requires cellular energy)

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19
Q

Passive transport

A

Channel, selected ions (NA+) channels in heart, moves by diffusion (from high concentrartion to low), no energy needed

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20
Q

Special channel protein passively transports water

A

Aquaporin, osmosis

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21
Q

Determine shape of the cell

A

Spectrins

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22
Q

Anchor certain proteins to specific sites, especially on the exteriror plasma membrane in receptor-mediated endocytosis

A

Clathrins

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23
Q

Self recognition

A

Glycoproteins

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24
Q

Tissue recognition

A

Glycolipid

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25
Bulk transport
Complex active mechanism
26
It is a response to a concentration gradient
Movement
27
Due to motion of bilayer: phospholipids slide along each other.
Fluid
28
Associated mix of molecules: globular proteins (cholesterol and glycolipids & glycoproteins).
Mosaic
29
Name transport proteins (3)
Carriers Channels Receptors
30
What is passive transport?
Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane
31
Is energy required for passive transport?
No
32
No energy required for this type of transportation protein.
Passive transport
33
Molecules move in response to a concentration gradient (igh to low) in this type of transport protein.
Passive transport
34
What is diffusion?
Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration.
35
Permeability of the plasma membrane.
- Small, nonpolar molecules readily pass directly through the plasma membrane - Hydrophobic interior of the plasma membrane obstruct passage of charged or polar molecules
36
What is a selectively permeable membrane?
Membrane proteins choose which molecules can pass through the plasma membrane
37
What do channel proteins permit to pass through the membrane?
Only specific solutes (water, hydrophilic solutes some ions).
38
How do carrier proteins do to carry a molecule to the other side of the plasma membrane?
Change their shape, binding a specific molecule to move it across the pm (i.e. glucose)
39
Facilitated diffusion is a type of _______ transport.
Passive
40
- requires no energy (is passive) - is specific - saturates when all carriers are occupied
Channel or carrier protein (passive)
41
What is osmosis?
Movement of water across selectively permeable PM from an area of high to low concentration of water.
42
When osmosis, through what does water move?
Aquaporins channels
43
Hypotonic
Low solute concentration, so high water concentration
44
Hypertonic
High solute concentration, so low water concentration
45
Does water move towards hyper or hypo tonic?
Hypertonic
46
What does isotonic mean?
Solutes concentrations are equal on both sides
47
Water ejected from cell through vacuoles
Extrusion
48
Keeping cells isotonic with their environment, salts balanced
Isosmotic regulation
49
What do cells use to push the cell membrane against the cell wall and keep the cell rigid (blocking entry of too much water)
Turgor pressure
50
The contractile vacuoles in paramecium, euglena and amoeba, pump excell water out
Extrusion
51
Rate of diffusion can be affected by____
Temperature, concentration
52
What does carrier protein do?
Shape change
53
What does channel protein do?
No shape change
54
What does active transport need asbolutely?
ATP
55
Does active transport require energy?
YES
56
Require the use of carrier proteins.
Active transport
57
Can saturate
Active transport
58
Can move a single type of molecule
Uniporters
59
Can move two different molecules in the same direction
Symporters
60
Can move two different molecules in opposite directions.
Antiporters
61
ATP energy is used to do what?
Change the shape of the carrier protein
62
How does the sodium potassium pump work?
1- Sodium gets inside the protein carrier from the inside 2-ATP phosphorylates (shape changes) 3-Sodium leaves outside the cell 4-Potassium from outside gets inside the carrier 5-Phosphate group leaves the carrier (dephosphorylates, shape changes) 6-Potassium leaves the carrier to get into the cell
63
A coupled transport: energy released by a molecule moving by simple diffusion is used to supply energy to actively transport a different molecule, which is moving through the membrane against a concentration gradient.
Cotransport
64
Example of cotransport
Glucose moves across the membrane against a concentration gradient
65
Movement of bulk substances into the cell
Endocytosis
66
Movement of bulk materials out of the cell
Exocytosis
67
When does endocytosis occur?
When the plasma membrane envelops food particles and/or liquids to ring then into the cell
68
The cell takes in particulate matter
Phagocytosis
69
The cell takes in only fluid
Pinocytosis
70
Specific molecules are taken in after thet bind to a receptor
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
71
When does exocytosis occur?
It occurs when material is discharged from the cell (such as waste).
72
During exocytosis, what fuses with the cell membrane and release their contents to the exterior of the cell?
Vesicles
73
What is used in plants to export cell wall material?
Bulk transport
74
What is used in animals to secrete hormones, neurotransmitters, digestive enzymes?
Bulk transport

Bio 2 (Let's go Chagnon) (13 decks)

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