MI Cardio Flashcards
(150 cards)
Causes of elevated JVP (6)
- Right heart failure
- Fluid overload
- Tricuspid valve dysfunction
- Epanchement pericardique
- Pericarditie constrictive
- Cardiac tamponade
Bruits cardiaques surajoutés :
- S3
- Origine. ?
- Entendu ?
- Physiologie 3 et
- pathologie 5 ?
- S4
- Origine ?
- Entendu ?
- Physiologie 1 et
- pathologie 3 ?
- S3
- Due to rapid ventricular filling and sudden deceleration of blood when the ventricle reaches its elastic limit
- ++ avec la cloche in the mitral area with the patient in a left lateral position
- Physiological:
- young individuals, athletes, or pregnant women
- Pathological
- Chronic mitral regurgitation
- Aortic regurgitation
- Heart failure
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Thyrotoxicosis
- S4
- Due to late diastolic contraction of the atria against high ventricular pressure
- +++ cloche in the mitral area with the patient lying in a left lateral position
- Physiological: advanced age
- Pathological if palpable
- Ventricular hypertrophy (e.g., hypertension, aortic stenosis, cor pulmonale)
- Ischemic cardiomyopathy
- Acute myocardial infarction
A = B = C = D =
1 Wide S2
2 S2 Fixe
3 S2 paradoxal
4 Physiologique
A. = 4
B. = 1
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Pulmonary valve stenosis
- BBD
C. = 2
- FOP
D. = 3
- Sténose Ao
- BBG
- Early systolic sound (immediately after S1)
- Midsystolic sound
- Early diastolic sound (immediately after S2)
- Coincides with a normal S1 and S2
- Systolic or diastolic sound
- Diastolic sound
- Aortic ejection click → Aortic stenosis
- Mitral valve prolapse click
- Mitral valve opening instantané → Mitral stenosis
- Mechanical valve clicks → prothèse
- Pericardial friction rub → péricardite
- Pericardial knock → constrictive péricardite
Inférieur
Latéral
Antérieur
Déviation de l’axe <3 à G
- sur ECG = ? et ou ?
- quelles patho 5
Déviation de l’axe <3 à D
- ou sur ECG et °
- Pathologies 6
- Onde P Pulmonaire ? N ms?
- PR N =?ms
- si < ?
- si > ?
- se raccourcit + en + puis ø QRS
- PR constant mais + de P que de QRS, saut de QRS constant 2:1, 3:1, etc
- Interval PR irrégulier, P régulier mais QRS irrégulier
- Dépression PR ? 3
- Amplitude: ≥ 0.25 mV in leads II, III, and aVF, N = <120ms
- 120 - 200ms
- Ectopic electrical pathways → faster impulse => WPW
- 1er ° bloc AV
- 2nd ° bloc AV - Mobitz type I/Wenkebach
- 2nd ° bloc AV - Mobitz type II
- 3e ° bloc AV
- Atrial injury or inflammation → péricardite, tamponnade, ischémie atriale
- Onde Q
- si profonde ? 3
- si nouvelle ?
- Onde R et S
- si R augmente pas bien et S reste présent dans les précordiales V1 à V6 ?
- QRS BB incomplet = ?
- QRS BB complet ?
- Onde Q
- ≥ 0.2ms → IM, élargissement V, EP
- Probablement un infarctus
- Onde R et S
- Tension coeur D / infarctus du mur antérieur
- QRS 110-120ms
- QRS ≥ 120ms
BBG complet sur ECG ? 4
- No R wave in lead V1
- Deep S waves (forming a characteristic W shape)
- Wide, notched R waves in leads I, aVL, V5, V6 (forming a characteristic M shape)
- Loss of Q waves in the lateral leads
WiLLiaM MoRRoW:” In LBBB the QRS looks like a W in V1 and an M in V6 (WiLLiaM), in RBBB the QRS looks like an M in V1 and a W in V6 (MoRRoW).
BBD complet sur ECG ? 4
- An rsr’, rsR’, or rSR’ complex (forming a characteristic “rabbit ears” or M shape) in leads V1, V2
- Tall secondary R wave in lead V1
- Wide, slurred S wave in leads I, V5, V6 → W
- Associated feature: ST segment depression and T-wave inversion in leads V1, V2, and sometimes V3
WiLLiaM MoRRoW:” In LBBB the QRS looks like a W in V1 and an M in V6 (WiLLiaM), in RBBB the QRS looks like an M in V1 and a W in V6 (MoRRoW).
Quel critère sur ECG en faveur :
1. Hypertrophie VG ?
2. Hypertrophie VD ?
- Sokolow-Lyon criteria : RV5 or RV6 + SV1 or SV2 ≥ 3.5 mV
- Right axis deviation
Dominant R wave in lead V1 (R wave > 0.6 mV)
Deep S wave in lead V5 (> 1 mV) or V6 (> 0.3 mV)
→ Sokolow-Lyon criteria: RV1 or RV2 + SV5 or S6 ≥ 1.05 mV
ST pathologique
- ST élévation + T dépression
- ST dépression + T élévation
- Onde J
- One of the following: = épicarde
- ≥ 0.1 mV in limb leads
- ≥ 0.2 mV in precordial leads
-
= endocarde → angor stable
≥ 0.05 mV (or 0.5 mm) in leads V2 and V3
≥ 0.1 mV in all other leads - Déflexion positive et convexe après le complexe QRS et du segment ST (synonyme : élévation du point J) image
https://www.e-cardiogram.com/onde-j/
Syndrome de brugada
- Définition
- Epidémiologie ?
- Clinique ? 4
- ECG ? 2 ± 1
- TTT 3
- a rare autosomal dominant genetic mutation that leads to abnormal cardiac conduction and sudden death
- +++ homme asie
- Svt asymptomatic
Syncope
TV ou FV - Brugada pattern:
- pseudo-RBBB with ST elevation in leads V1–V3
J waves in leads V1–V3
- pseudo-RBBB with ST elevation in leads V1–V3
- TTT
- General measures
- Avoid certain medications (antiarrhythmics, psychotropics, anesthetic agents)
- Avoid excessive alcohol intake, cocaine, and large meals.
- Défibrillateur <3
- General measures
Onde T
- concave ± ST élévation
- Pique symétrique étroit
- Asymétrique et ST convex ?
- Repol précoce, fitness, jeune
- Hyperkaliémie (vs T plat hypo)
- Parle pour ischémie précoce
Interval QT
- analyse rapide ?
- Prolongé étio ? 5
- Raccourcit étio ? 4
- Pas être > que RR
- >
- Congenital long QT syndromes
- Drug side effects (antiarrhythmic, AD, antipsychotics, 1st-generation antihistamines, methadone, ondansetron)
- Electrolyte disturbances ( hypoCa, hypoK, hypoMg)
- Cardiac abnormalities (inflammatory heart diseases, bradycardia, myocardial ischemia)
- Arsenic poisoning
- <
- Electrolyte disturbances (HyperCa, HyperK)
- Digoxin effect
- Increased sympathetic tone (e.g., hyperthyroidism, fever)
- Congenital short QT syndrome
TTT de AVNRT
1.1
2.3
- 1er Vagal manoeuvre
- 2e adenosine, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers.
TV polymorphique = TdP
- TTT si stable 1
- étiologie les plus souvent retrouvés 5
- first-line treatment si patient stable = sulfate de Mg
- Médicaments
- Macrolide/Quinolone antibiotics → discontinued and treatment with doxycycline initiated.
- Méthadone
- Haloperidol = haldol
- Lévomépromazine
- Motilium = domperidone
Cushing reflex = ? 3
Lors HTIC
- Bradycardie
- HTA
- Respiration irrégulière
TTT bradycardie sinusal ? 2
Atropine première intention
si sévère = pacemaker
6 Arythmies supra-ventriculaire ?
- Noeud sinusal 1
- Auriculaire 2.3 - 3.2 - 4.2 - 5
- Tachycardie sinusale
- TA
- TA unifocal
- TA multifocal
- TA jonctionnelle
- TNAV
- AVNRT
- AVRT
- Flutter A → antihoraire / horaire
- Fibrilation A
Extrasystole auriculaire = tachycardie auriculaire
- sont 3
- TTT ? 3
- TA unifocale = Ondes P atypiques, Rythme régulier
TA multifocale =
≥ 3 morphologies différentes des ondes P,
rythme irrégulièrement irrégulier
intervalles PR/PQ variables
Tachycardie jonctionnelle = pas d’ondes P, habituellement pas d’ondes P’ rétrogrades visibles rare mécanisme de réentrée pouvant répondre à une cardioversion électrique - TTT
- réduire caffé, OH, tabac etc
- BB
- Cautérisation électrique