Micro Associations

Question 1

Tumbling motility, grows in cold, β-hemolytics

Answer 1

Listeria - meningitis in babies, unpasteurized milk

Question 2

Gastroenteritis from mayo?

Answer 2

Staph aureus

Question 3

Where does Staph Aureus colonize?

Answer 3

Nose

Question 4

Adherent biofilms

Answer 4

Staph epidermidis

Question 5

Hepetization of lung during pneumonia?

Answer 5

Strep. pneumo

Question 6

Rusty sputum and sepsis in sickle cell/spenectomy

Answer 6

Strep pneumo

Question 7

Lancet-shaped, G+ diplococci

Answer 7

Strep pneumo

Question 8

S. sanguinis makes dextrans which allows for ___________.

Answer 8

Endocarditis (viridins group)

Binds to fibrin-platelet aggregates

Question 9

Strep pharyngitis

Answer 9

PHever or glomerulonePHritis

Question 10

Scarlet fever

Answer 10

Strawberry tongue
Scarlet sandpaper rash
Circumoral pallor

Question 11

Hippurate test +

Answer 11

Group B strep - screen women at 35-37 weeks

Intrapartum penicillin prophylaxis

Question 12

Metachromatic blue and red granules + Gram Positive rods

Answer 12

C. diptheriae

Question 13

How do you kill spores?

Answer 13

Autoclave - steam at 121˚C for 15 min

Question 14

What bugs form spores?

Answer 14

B. anthracis
C. perfringens
C. tetani & botulinum
B. cereus
Coxiella burnetti

Question 15

What toxins does C. Diff produce

Answer 15

Toxin A - destroys brush border enzymes

Toxin B - depolymerizes actin

Question 16

What is the only bacterum with a polypeptide capsule w/ D-glutamate

Answer 16

Bacillus anthracis

Question 17

What causes gastroenteritis from rice/pasta?

Answer 17

B cereus - cereulide

Question 18

Tumbling motility, deli meats and unpasteurized milk

Answer 18

Listeria

Question 19

What is the only Gram Positive to produce LPS?

Answer 19

Listeria

Question 20

Where is Nocardia found? What infections does it cause?

Answer 20

Soil - pulmonary infections in IC and cutaneous infections post trauma in IC

Question 21

What are the branching filamentous G+ bugs?

Answer 21

Nocardia

Actinomyces

Question 22

What do you give AIDS patients for MAC prophylaxis?

Answer 22

Azithromycin

Question 23

What is the reservoir in the US for M leprae?

Answer 23

Armadillos

Question 24

What bug has cord factor and sulfatides?

Answer 24

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
CF = block Mφ maturation and induces release of TNF-α
Sulfatides = inhibit phagolysosomal fusion

Question 25

Pasteurella

Answer 25

Animal bites

Question 26

How do you treat Neisseria?

Answer 26

Ceftriaxone

Question 27

What drugs do you use for prophylaxis of Meningitis (neisseria) in close contacts?

Answer 27

Ceftriaxone Cipro Rifampin

Question 28

What 2 diseases does legionella cause?

Answer 28

Pontiac fever = mild flu Legionnaires = severe pneumonia Treat w/ Macrolide or quinolone

Question 29

What 2 toxins does pseudomonas have?

Answer 29

Endotoxin - fever/shock | Exotoxin A - inactivates EF2

Question 30

What causes hot tub folliculitis?

Answer 30

Pseudomonas

Question 31

What causes malignant otitis externa in diabetics?

Answer 31

Pseudomonas

Question 32

What cuases chronic pneumonia in CF patients?

Answer 32

Pseudomonas (biofilm)

Question 33

What 4 diseases does Klebsiella cause?

Answer 33

Aspiration pneumonia Pneumonia in diabetics Abscess in lung/liver

Question 34

Mucoid colonies

Answer 34

Klebsiella - abundant polysaccharide capsules

Question 35

Red currant jelly sputum?

Answer 35

Klebsiella

Question 36

What are the 4 types of E. coli?

Answer 36

EIEC - invasive, dysentary ETEC - toxins - travelers diarrhea EPEC - pediatric diarrhea EHEC - Shiga-like toxin - HUS

Question 37

What e. coli doesn't ferment sorbitol?

Answer 37

EHEC

Question 38

What GN rod doesn't ferment lactose, invades the intestinal mucosa and causes a monocytic response?

Answer 38

Salmonella

Question 39

What GN rod doesn't ferment lactose, invades the intestinal mucosa and causes a PMN infiltration?

Answer 39

Shigella

Question 40

How does campylobacter jejuni get transmitted?

Answer 40

Fecal/oral Poultry, meat, unpasteurized milk GBS and Reactive Arthritis

Question 41

Pet feces, contaminated milk/pork - mimics Crohns or appendicitis

Answer 41

Yersinia

Question 42

What is triple therapy for H. pylori?

Answer 42

PPI + Clarithromycin + Metro/Amoxicillin | **No metro in alcoholics**

Question 43

Water contaminated with animal urine?

Answer 43

Leptospira - Flu-like, jaundice, photophobia | *surfers, tropics

Question 44

Ixodes tick

Answer 44

Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme Disease)

Question 45

What are the 4 main signs of Lyme disease

Answer 45

``` Facial nerve palsy Arthritis Kardiac block Erythema migrans *Ceftriaxone/Doxy* ```

Question 46

How do you screen for syphilis? Confirm?

Answer 46

VDRL/RPR - non-specific | FTA-ABS

Question 47

Saber shins, saddle nose, CN VIII deafness, Hutchinson teeth, mulberry molars?

Answer 47

Congenital syphilis

Question 48

How do you prevent congenital syphilis?

Answer 48

Treat mother early in pregnancy - placental transmission occurs after 1st trimester

Question 49

VDRL false positives

Answer 49

Viruses - mono, hepatitis Drugs Rheumatic Fever Lupus/Leprosy

Question 50

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

Answer 50

Flu-like syndrome after antibiotics started - killed bacteria release pyrogens

Question 51

Grey vaginal discharge w/ fishy smell - nonpainful

Answer 51

Gardenerella vaginosis | Metro or Clindamycin

Question 52

Rickettsiae are obligate intracellular because they need what 2 things?

Answer 52

CoA and NAD+ | *Can't synthesize ATP*

Question 53

What 3 diseases do you see a palms and soles rash?

Answer 53

Coxsackievirus A Rocky Mountain spotted fever 2˚ Syphilis

Question 54

Rickettsia typhi

Answer 54

Typhus (fleas) | rash on trunk - spares palms/soles

Question 55

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Answer 55

Rickettsia rickettsii (tick) Rash at wrists and ankles and spreads

Question 56

Bird/Bat droppings

Answer 56

Histoplasmosis - hides in Mφ | Pneumonia

Question 57

Blastomycosis

Answer 57

Inflammatory lung disease - skin and bone Granulomatous nodules Broad budding base (=RBC)

Question 58

Erythema nodosum and arthralgias associated with dust/dirt in SW US

Answer 58

Coccidioidomycosis - skin and bone | Spherules filled with endospores - large

Question 59

Captains wheel formation

Answer 59

Paracoccidioidomycosis Latin America Very large budding yeast (>>RBC)

Question 60

How do you treat the systemic mycoses?

Answer 60

Histo/Blasto/Coccidioides Azole = local infection Amphotericin B = systemic

Question 61

Granuloma formation in the lung that appears like TB could also be what?

Answer 61

Systemic mycoses: histo/blast/coccid | **No person-person transmission

Question 62

Sphaghetti and meatball appearance

Answer 62

Malassezia furfur Miconazole or selenium sulfide Hypo/hyperpigmented patches

Question 63

Healthcare provider

Answer 63

HBV (needlestick)

Question 64

Organ transplant recipient

Answer 64

CMV

Question 65

Neutropenic patients

Answer 65

Candida (systemic), Aspergilus

Question 66

Pneumonia in CF, burn infection

Answer 66

Pseudomonas

Question 67

Sepsis/meningitis in newborn

Answer 67

Group B strep

Question 68

Surgical wound

Answer 68

S. aureus

Question 69

Traumatic open wound

Answer 69

C. perfringens

Question 70

Pus, empyema, abscess

Answer 70

S. aureus

Question 71

UTI culture with swarming on agar, urease +, struvite stones

Answer 71

Proteus

Question 72

Vaginal infections with inflammation, white cottage cheese discharge, normal pH

Answer 72

Candida

Question 73

Viral meningitis

Answer 73

Enterovirus (Coxsackievirus)

Question 74

What is the main characteristic of Shigella causing disease?

Answer 74

Invasive - M cells

Question 75

What is the dominant microorganism in the colon?

Answer 75

B. fragilis > E. coli

Question 76

Post viral causes of pneumonia

Answer 76

Staph, H flu, S pneumo