Micro Exam 1b

Question 1

metabolism

Answer 1

sum of the chemical reactions in organism

Question 2

catabolism

Answer 2

provides energy and building blocks for anabolism

Question 3

anabolism

Answer 3

requires energy and building clocks to build large molecules

Question 4

heterotroph

Answer 4

requires food

Question 5

autotroph

Answer 5

can produce it’s own food

Question 6

chemoheterotroph

Answer 6

• carbon source: organic material

- final electron acceptor: O2, organic compounds or inorganic compounds

Question 7

chemoautotroph

Answer 7

• carbon source: CO2

- final electron acceptor: hydrogen, sulfur, iron, nitrogen

Question 8

photoheterotroph

Answer 8

• carbon source: organic compounds

Question 9

photosutotroph

Answer 9

• carbon source: CO2

- oxygenic or anocygenic

Question 10

oxygenic

Answer 10

uses H2O to break down CO2

Question 11

anoxygenic

Answer 11

does not use H2O to break down CO2

Question 12

apoenzyme

Answer 12

protein structure

Question 13

cofactor

Answer 13

nonprotein structure

Question 14

holoenzyme

Answer 14

is the apoenzyme plus the cofactor

Question 15

what are the important coenzymes

Answer 15

• NAD+
• NADP+
• FAD
• Coenzyme A

Question 16

oxidoreductase

Answer 16

oxidation-reduction reactions

Question 17

transferase

Answer 17

transfer functional groups

Question 18

hydrolase

Answer 18

hydrolysis

Question 19

lyase

Answer 19

removal of atoms without hydrolysis

Question 20

isomerase

Answer 20

rearrangement of atoms

Question 21

factors influencing enzyme activity

Answer 21

• temp
• pH
• inhibitors
• substrate concentration

Question 22

oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 22

energy released from transfer of electrons of one compound to another
- used to form ATP in ETC

Question 23

photophosphorylation

Answer 23

light causes chlorophyll to give up electrons, energy released from transfer of electrons of cholorphyll through system of carrier molecules to generate ATP

Question 24

glycolysis

Answer 24

oxidation of glucose to pyretic acid with production of ATP an NADH

Question 25

kreb cycle

Answer 25

oxidation of acetyl CoA to CO2 with production of ATP, NADH, FADH2

Question 26

electron transport chain

Answer 26

NADH and FADH2 are oxidized using electron carriers to produce energy

Question 27

fermentation

Answer 27

- moves from pyruvic acid to organic product - does not require O2 - does not require kreb cycle or ETC - uses organic molecule as final electron acceptor

Question 28

kinase

Answer 28

adds phosphate groups to substrate

Question 29

phosphatase

Answer 29

removes phosphate group

Question 30

what are the carrier molecules for ETC

Answer 30

- flavoproteins - ubiquinones - cytochromes

Question 31

where do the steps in respiration occur in eukaryotes?

Answer 31

- glycolysis: cytoplasm - kreb cycle: mitochondria - ETC: mitochondria

Question 32

where do the steps in respiration occur in prokaryotes?

Answer 32

- glycolysis: cytoplasm - kreb cycle: cytoplasm - ETC: plasma membrane

Question 33

alcohol fermentation

Answer 33

produces ethanol and CO2

Question 34

types of lactic acid fermentation

Answer 34

- homolactic fermentation | - heteroleactic fermentation

Question 35

cyclic phosphorylation

Answer 35

electrons return to the chlorophyll

Question 36

noncyclic phosphorylation

Answer 36

electrons used to reduce NADP+ which are then replenished by electrons from H20 and H2S

Question 37

light dependent reaction

Answer 37

occurs in presence of light, happens in the thylakoid and stimulates cholorphyll

Question 38

light independent reaction

Answer 38

- calvin-bensone cycle | - converts CO2 into sugar

Question 39

purines

Answer 39

A and T

Question 40

pyrimidines

Answer 40

G and C