Micro Exam 1b Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Micro Exam 1b Deck (40)
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1
Q

metabolism

A

sum of the chemical reactions in organism

2
Q

catabolism

A

provides energy and building blocks for anabolism

3
Q

anabolism

A

requires energy and building clocks to build large molecules

4
Q

heterotroph

A

requires food

5
Q

autotroph

A

can produce it’s own food

6
Q

chemoheterotroph

A
  • carbon source: organic material

- final electron acceptor: O2, organic compounds or inorganic compounds

7
Q

chemoautotroph

A
  • carbon source: CO2

- final electron acceptor: hydrogen, sulfur, iron, nitrogen

8
Q

photoheterotroph

A
  • carbon source: organic compounds
9
Q

photosutotroph

A
  • carbon source: CO2

- oxygenic or anocygenic

10
Q

oxygenic

A

uses H2O to break down CO2

11
Q

anoxygenic

A

does not use H2O to break down CO2

12
Q

apoenzyme

A

protein structure

13
Q

cofactor

A

nonprotein structure

14
Q

holoenzyme

A

is the apoenzyme plus the cofactor

15
Q

what are the important coenzymes

A
  • NAD+
  • NADP+
  • FAD
  • Coenzyme A
16
Q

oxidoreductase

A

oxidation-reduction reactions

17
Q

transferase

A

transfer functional groups

18
Q

hydrolase

A

hydrolysis

19
Q

lyase

A

removal of atoms without hydrolysis

20
Q

isomerase

A

rearrangement of atoms

21
Q

factors influencing enzyme activity

A
  • temp
  • pH
  • inhibitors
  • substrate concentration
22
Q

oxidative phosphorylation

A

energy released from transfer of electrons of one compound to another
- used to form ATP in ETC

23
Q

photophosphorylation

A

light causes chlorophyll to give up electrons, energy released from transfer of electrons of cholorphyll through system of carrier molecules to generate ATP

24
Q

glycolysis

A

oxidation of glucose to pyretic acid with production of ATP an NADH

25
Q

kreb cycle

A

oxidation of acetyl CoA to CO2 with production of ATP, NADH, FADH2

26
Q

electron transport chain

A

NADH and FADH2 are oxidized using electron carriers to produce energy

27
Q

fermentation

A
  • moves from pyruvic acid to organic product
  • does not require O2
  • does not require kreb cycle or ETC
  • uses organic molecule as final electron acceptor
28
Q

kinase

A

adds phosphate groups to substrate

29
Q

phosphatase

A

removes phosphate group

30
Q

what are the carrier molecules for ETC

A
  • flavoproteins
  • ubiquinones
  • cytochromes
31
Q

where do the steps in respiration occur in eukaryotes?

A
  • glycolysis: cytoplasm
  • kreb cycle: mitochondria
  • ETC: mitochondria
32
Q

where do the steps in respiration occur in prokaryotes?

A
  • glycolysis: cytoplasm
  • kreb cycle: cytoplasm
  • ETC: plasma membrane
33
Q

alcohol fermentation

A

produces ethanol and CO2

34
Q

types of lactic acid fermentation

A
  • homolactic fermentation

- heteroleactic fermentation

35
Q

cyclic phosphorylation

A

electrons return to the chlorophyll

36
Q

noncyclic phosphorylation

A

electrons used to reduce NADP+ which are then replenished by electrons from H20 and H2S

37
Q

light dependent reaction

A

occurs in presence of light, happens in the thylakoid and stimulates cholorphyll

38
Q

light independent reaction

A
  • calvin-bensone cycle

- converts CO2 into sugar

39
Q

purines

A

A and T

40
Q

pyrimidines

A

G and C