Micro Exam 1d

Question 1

aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

Answer 1

enzyme that adds a aminoacyl group to a tRNA with a specific amino acid

Question 2

constitutive genes

Answer 2

genes expressed at fixed rates

Question 3

spontaneous mutations

Answer 3

occur in the absence of a mutagen

Question 4

base substitution or point mutation

Answer 4

change in one base

Question 5

missense mutation

Answer 5

result in change in amino acid

Question 6

nonsense mutation

Answer 6

results in a nonsense codon

Question 7

frameshift mutation

Answer 7

insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotide pairs

Question 8

ionizing radiation

Answer 8

causes formation of ions that can react with nucleotides and deoxyribose-phosphate backbone

Question 9

UV radiation

Answer 9

causes thymine dimer

Question 10

photolyases

Answer 10

separate thymine dimers, nucleotide excision repair

Question 11

positive (direct) selection

Answer 11

detects mutant cells because they grow or appear different

Question 12

negative (indirect) selection

Answer 12

detects mutant cells because thy do not grow

replica plating

Question 13

transposons

Answer 13

segments of DNA that can move from one region of DNA to another

Question 14

conjugative plasmid

Answer 14

carries genes for sex pilli and transfer of the plasmid

Question 15

dissimilation plasmids

Answer 15

encode enzymes for catabolism of unusual compounds

Question 16

R factors

Answer 16

encode antibiotic resistance

Question 17

lysogeny

Answer 17

when virus DNA/RNA integrates into cells DNA