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FALL SEMESTER 2018 > MICRO EXAM #3 > Flashcards

MICRO EXAM #3 Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

what is fast reproducing

A

S. pneumonia

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2
Q

what happens to cilia in S. pneumonia

A

paralyzed then mucus travel down and carry bacteria

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3
Q

S. pneumonia starts up after

A

flu (secondary infection)`

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4
Q

what did Beijerinick say the causative agent for TMD

A

contagious living fluid

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5
Q

who renamed nuclien to nucleotide

A

levene

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6
Q

who found incorrect theory of tetranuteotide

A

levene

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7
Q

chargoff did what

A

proved Levene wrong

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8
Q

what lead to virology

A

Mayer and beirjerinick work

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9
Q

founder of biology

A

beijernick

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10
Q

what did Mayer think was causing TMD

A

toxin or bacteria

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11
Q

who discovered double helix structure

A

Watson and crick

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12
Q

cause of dysentary

A

shigella dysenteria

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13
Q

what can make shiga toxin

A

shigella dysenteria

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14
Q

who works with dysentary patients

A

Felix d’herrelle

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15
Q

what does Felix d’herrelle want to study

A

why some patients recover from dysentary and some dont

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16
Q

what study did bacteriophage come into play

A

study of dysentary

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17
Q

bacteriophage

A

a virus that parasites a bacterium by infecting it and reproducing inside it.

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18
Q

what can bacteriophage play a critical role in

A

human disease

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19
Q

plaque

A

holes that form on petri-plate covered with bacteria, over time, the holes will grow larger until bacteria is destroyed.

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20
Q

bacteriophage theory

A

therapeutic use of lytic bacteriophage to treat pathogenic infections

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21
Q

pyro (bacteriophage theory)

A

throat

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22
Q

Staphy ((bacteriophage theory)

A

drink

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23
Q

rhino ((bacteriophage theory)

A

nasal spray

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24
Q

bacteriophage theory vs antibiotic theory

A

bacteria can develop resistance to phages, phages will evolve too. easier to develop new bacteriophages than antibiotics

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25
characteristics of viruses
1. nucleic acid (DNA, RNA) 2. protein coat 3. all virus inject nucleic acid into host cells 4. host cells are taken over to make new viruses
26
head of virus
capsid, nuclei (dna, rna)
27
tail of virus
sheath, plug, tail fibers
28
what makes the phosphate-deoxyribose backbone
sugar and phosphate
29
conjugation
physical contact,
30
what is least common
transformation
31
what goes form same genus and species
transformation
32
bacteria are well known for something called
horizontal gene transfer
33
bacteria can pass genes to
offspring, neighboring bacteria, or even not same genus or species
34
exchange of genes from one bacterium to another
transformation and conjugation
35
exchange of genes from virus to bacterium
transduction
36
transformation
donor bacteria chromosome, bacteria cell wall opens, reciepeint bacterium needs DNA binding protein
37
conjugation
two bacteria exchange small pieces of DNA through mating tubes. long mating tube called fimbrae
38
plasmid
circular dna
39
conjugation dan replicates by
rolling circle mechanism
40
what often give antibiotic resistance to organisms
plasmid
41
antibiotic
molecules that cause damage to bacteria
42
what was penicillin originally made by
molds
43
what makes antibiotics
molds
44
plasmid is
extrachromosomal DNA
45
chromosomes
thread like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus
46
what does chromosomes do
binds and condenses DNA molecule to prevent it from becoming unmanageable tangle
47
4 ways bacteria become antibiotic resistant
1. efflux pump: transfer protein leads antibiotics out 2. impermeability: antibiotic cant cant though at all (structure of cell wall) 3: modified target: modifies ribosome by slight protein change 4: destruction: production of new enzyme
48
what bacteria does modified target very often
mycobacterium tuberculosis
49
bacteria become antibiotic resistant #4
s. aures or penicillin
50
in order for microbes to become resistant, two things must happen
variations must be heritable, variations must have potential to affect microbes fitness
51
new antibiotic resistance mechanism that is not heritable
s. p can serve and grow in antibiotic if there is enough antibiotic-resistant bacteria around it
52
what is required in transduction
bacteriophage and 2 bacteria
53
does 2nd phage have its own DNA
NO because recipient isn't killed and use bacterium DNA as their own
54
human genes only transfer their genes
vertically
55
biofilm breakaway
killer bacteriophage inserts this gene into dna of biolfim producing bacteria. new gene codes for breakaway enzyme and it cannot be turned off . rapidly stops biofilm production and antibodies come in and destroy bacteria
56
in 1950 what was created
cdc in atlanta GA
57
why was cdc created
to combat malaria
58
cdc helped by
vaccine research, polio research, bacteriophage research, cancer research, investment into electron microscope
59
4 things Watson and crick new
1. building blocks of dna were nucleotides, 2.each nucleotide has one base 3. bases are bonded too sugars. 4. sugars are bonded to phosphate group
60
what causes thrush
ph level drops and bacteria die, fungi and yeast grow
61
Candida albicans
ORAL yeast infection, thrush, vaginitis
62
what cause rough s. pneumonia to become smooth
transforming principle of dam
63
group a can cause
strep throat or secondary infections
64
what is resistant to many medications
staph. aureus
65
MRSA
staph. aureus Constantine mutating and becoming resistant
66
shiva toxin in e. coli
STEC
67
found in fresh or sea water
vibrio choleae

FALL SEMESTER 2018 (9 decks)

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