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FALL SEMESTER 2018 > EXAM 1 micro lecture > Flashcards

EXAM 1 micro lecture Flashcards

(110 cards)

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1
Q

examples of microbes

A

bacteria virus fungi protozones

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2
Q

Bacteria

A

living cells

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3
Q

virus

A

not considered living

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4
Q

fungi

A

mold spores, small gap microscope of fungi

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5
Q

Golden age of microbiology

A

late 1800s early 1900s

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6
Q

Who created first microscope

A

van leeuwenhoek

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7
Q

Who created 1st mass market microscope (reasonable price)?

A

Zeiss Corp Switzerland

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8
Q

What was different about the first mass market microscope?

A

stacked lenses, ocular

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9
Q

Why do disruptive technologies help microbiology?

A

invasive, treating patients as “laboratory”, challenge “status quo”

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10
Q

2 biggest obstacles in surgery

A

pain, post opt infections

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11
Q

If you fix pain level in surgery for patients how does it help surgeries overall

A

better operations, broad options, longer period to operate

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12
Q

why was anesthesia a disruptive technology

A

patients might die, pain is “gods way of talking to you”, some people thought pain is natural way of healing

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13
Q

miasma cloud

A

if you do something bad, you gets zapped with disease

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14
Q

What things are used as anesthesia

A

ether, cocaine

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15
Q

did they keep or get rid of idea of spontaneous generation

A

had to get rid of it and replace it with something else

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16
Q

who experimented with spontaneous generation

A

Louis pasteur

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17
Q

what did Louis Pasteur demonstrate

A

microbes are transported by air & life comes from life

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18
Q

what is theory of biogenesis

A

living things can only come through living things

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19
Q

how did Louis Pasteur flask prove spontaneous generation wrong

A

his s shape flask kept microbes out but let air in

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20
Q

What is kochs germ theory of disease

A

bacteria can cause disease

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21
Q

what does biogenesis lead to

A

Kochs postulates

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22
Q

acute disease

A

severe and sudden in onset

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23
Q

chronic

A

long developing

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24
Q

what is the causing agent of anthrax

A

bacillus anthracis

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25
where is anthrax found
soil
26
why do we not need to make antibodies 24/7
bc macrophages
27
antigen
toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body
28
antibodies
a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen
29
examples of white blood cell
lymphocyte, neurtrophili, esophil, basophil, macrophage, monocyte
30
monocyte
circulating blood stream
31
what is similar about macrophages and monocytes
they are they same just depending where you find them
32
macrophages
tissue
33
another name for macrophages
dendritic cells
34
where are monocytes created
stem cells in bone marrow
35
what created macrophages
monocytes
36
what process does macrophages use to destroy and get rid of unwanted particles
phagocytosis
37
antigens complex form macrophages are made how
peptide fragments from particles with some of its own proteins
38
old time word TB
Consumption
39
how many europeans died in the golden age from TB
1/4
40
is TB acute and chronic
chronic
41
why is it not normal for the time that TB is chronic
because bacterial infections were usually said to be acute infections
42
once monocyte leaves blood can it go back into blood
NO
43
what is the differences of shapes between monocyte and macrophages
more circular monocyte macrophages are dysformed
44
examples of acute diseases
cold flu small pox chicken pox measles
45
what are the three major events of clinical microbiology ?
1. seeing is believing and new technologies 2. You can't get something from nothing 3. Koch's Germ Theory of disease
46
the case study of the red leg was a case of
necrotizing fasciitis
47
fascitis means
fascia infection or inflammation
48
fascia connective tissue wraps
around tissue
49
dilemma of case of red leg
cellulitis or N.F.
50
WHAT IS DEBRIDEMENT
wash out all dead or bad stuff
51
what is cellulitis
``` infection of supra layer of skin #1 staf aures ```
52
what is microbiome project
determineing what microbes are in and on us
53
why is the microbial ecosystem in and on our body complex
due to the availability of many different colonization sites
54
what do the colonization sites offer
diff chemistries, oxygen availability, PH, WATER CONTENT, uv LIGHT EXPOSURE
55
pathogens
disease causing bacteria
56
example of pathogens
flu virus, Lyme disease, measles
57
what is opportunists
non pathogens; take advantage by 1. new location 2. immunocompromised host
58
what is chronic C diff
clostridium difficile
59
example of chronic C diff
fecal microbiome transplant
60
what were the two biggest obstacles in surgery
pain and infections
61
prior to koch germ theory of disease what was rare
aseptic techniques
62
what was observed 1 of Semmelweis
more deaths on surgeons than midwives
63
obs 2 of Semmelweis
home delivers brought fewer deaths
64
obs 3 of Semmelweis
no link to death and weather
65
obs 4 of Semmelweis
the more cutting the more trama the patient
66
obs 5 of Semmelweis
usually both mother and child die with child bed fever
67
obs 6 of Semmelweis
dr autospy in dead women slices hand and dies of child bed fever 48 hours later
68
what did Semmelweis conclude after his observations
child bed fever was because of cadaver particles
69
symptoms of child bed fever
high fever and low blood pressure
70
what percentage of patients die of post opt infections
90%
71
what is the #1 causing agent of cf
strep grop B which is normal vaginal microbiome
72
how can you see if you have strep group b inn vagina
prenatal swab
73
father of aseptic techniques
lister
74
who started using carbolic acid in surgery
lister
75
what public thing came of carbolic acid used in surgeries
carbolic smoke ball
76
who created milder antiseptic for general use
joseph Lawrence
77
when was beginning of public health movement in us
1914
78
the golden age of microbiology was a great time of momentum for
new technologies, new techniques, new funding, new status
79
public health in 1900 included
people and higher education, altering behaviors, education programs, bathroom designs, hotel bedding, and paper cups
80
us public health starts in
NY
81
Listers role in hospital cleanliness
new hospitals, younger physicians,
82
a strain is
a descendant of a single bacteria
83
there are certain BLANK in species
strains
84
3 domain system divides cellular life into
archaea, bacteria, eukaryote
85
one reason for decrease in typhoid fever
fly swatting
86
what is number 1 cute of oral throat cancer
human paploma virus
87
what are two public health interventions that had greater impact on global health
vaccine programs and clean h2o, sanitation
88
causative agent
pathogen that causes a disease
89
ncd
non communicable (catching) disease
90
example of ncd
cancer, stroke, diabetes, oestoprosis, allergies and asthma
91
leaky gut syndrome
bacteria move out and into the bloodstream and then your immune system produces antibodies then the AB binds to receptors and can bind to reception on nerve cells because the receptor in similar
92
leaky gut syndrome can lead to
multiple sclerosis
93
autoimmune disease
disease in which the body's immune system attacks healthy cells
94
lung microbiome
deeper in lung = less bacteria but deep deep deep in lung tissue is pockets of bacteria
95
lung microbiome cystic fibrosis
pockets of different bacteria than healthy people
96
how many species in ocular microbiome
12
97
what bacteria is not part of ocular microbiome
s. aures
98
what do the bacteria in the outer eye eat
dead corneal cells
99
where is ocular microbiome
cornea
100
maternal microbiome
2 sources 1. milk 2. moms gut
101
maternal microbiome moms gut
gut, placenta, fetus (intestinal floral
102
maternal microbiome milk
moms antibodies (6mONTHS)
103
what is in milk microbiome
prebiotic (fiber protein)
104
skin microbiome
many types and numbers 2nd most go tract is 1st
105
where there antibiotics in the 1900s
no
106
what causative agent for childbed fever
s. agalactiae (group b strep)
107
what causative agent for strep throat or necrotizing fasciitis
s. pyogenes (group a strep)
108
is pseudomanas aeruqinosa pathogenic or an opportunist
opportunists
109
what causative agent for those with cystic fibrosis
pseudomanas aeruqinosa
110
what is known to cause pheuomina in cystic fibrosis and elderly
pseudomanas aeruqinosa

FALL SEMESTER 2018 (9 decks)

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