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Microbio Bacteriology Flashcards

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0
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

Important Properties

A 
G+ cocci
90% b-lactamase plasmid
50% MRSA
2% VRSA
staphyloxanthin
catalase + / coagulase +
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1
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

Diseases

A 
HA pneumonia
septicemia
abscesses
food poisoning
scalded skin
toxic shock
foliculitis
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2
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Diseases

A

heart infection

prosthetic infection

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3
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Important Properties

A

G+ cocci
catalase + / coagulase -
white colonies

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4
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Diseases

A

UTI

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5
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Important Properties

A

G+ cocci
catalase + / coagulase -
in genital tract

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6
Q

Staphylococcus pyogenes

Diseases

A

pharyngitis

heart infection

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7
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

Important properties

A 
G+ cocci
catalase -
beta hemolytic
group A
in throat
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8
Q

Streptococcus viridians

Diseases

A

gingivitis
dental decay
endocarditis

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9
Q

Streptococcus viridians

Important properties

A

G+ cocci
catalase -
alpha hemolytic
in mouth

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10
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae

Diseases

A

neonatal sepsis

meningitis

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11
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae

Important properties

A 
G+ cocci
catalase -
beta hemolytic
group B
in vagina and colon
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12
Q

Enterococci

Diseases

A

pneumonia

meningitis

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13
Q

Enterococci

Important properties

A 
G+ cocci
catalase -
beta hemolytic
group D
in intestines
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14
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Diseases

A

pneumonia
meningitis
sinusitis
arthritis

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15
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Important properties

A 
G+ cocci
catalase -
alpha hemolytic
capsule
in throat
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16
Q

Neisseria meningitides

Diseases

A

meningitis

bacteremia

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17
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

Important properties

A

G- cocci
diplococcus
human host
capsule

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18
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Diseases

A

gonorrhea

neonatal conjunctivitis

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19
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Important properties

A

G- cocci
diplococcus
LOS
2nd most common STD

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20
Q

Bacillus anthracis

Diseases

A

Anthrax

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21
Q

Bacillus anthracis

Important properties

A 
G+ bacilli
large
toxin coded in plasmid
capsule
nonmotile
central endospores 
in soil
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22
Q

Bacillus cereus

Diseases

A

food poisoning

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23
Q

Bacillus cereus

Important properties

A

G+ bacilli
cooking helps growth, release vegetative cells
endospores

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24
Clostridium tetani | Diseases
tetanus
25
Clostridium tetani | Important properties
G+ bacilli anaerobic terminal endospore environmental
26
Clostridium botulinum | Diseases
infant botulism | wound botulism
27
Clostridium botulinum | Important properties
G+ bacilli terminal endospore environmental
28
Clostridium perfringens | Diseases
gas gangrene | food poisoning
29
Clostridium perfringens | Important properties
G+ bacilli terminal endospores in soil in colon and vagina
30
Clostridium difficile | Diseases
biofilm in colon | chronic diarrhea
31
Clostridium difficile | Important properties
G+ bacilli endospore in soil in colon (3% pop, 30% hospitalized pop, 20% kids)
32
Corynebactrium diphtheriae | Diseases
diphtheria
33
Corynebacterium diphtheriae | Important properties
``` G+ bacilli no endospore club-shaped red polyphosphate crystals inside only in humans ```
34
Listeria monocytogenes | Diseases
meningitis sepsis febrile gastroenteritis
35
Listeria monocytogenes | Important properties
G+ bacilli no endospore grows well in cold temps in soil, plants, animals
36
Escherichia coli | Diseases
UTI septicemia neonatal meningitis
37
Escherichia coli | Important properties
``` G- bacilli, enteric facultative anaerobe ferments lactose in humans and animals in colon no endospores motile produces vitamin K ```
38
Salmonella | Diseases
enterocolitis typhoid fever septicemia
39
Salmonella | Important Properties
G- bacilli, enteric don't ferment lactose typhoidal/ non-typhoidal species leading cause of food infection in US
40
Shigella | Diseases
enterocolitis | shigellosis
41
Shigella | Important Properties
G- bacilli, enteric don't ferment lactose resistant to stomach acid 100 produce disease
42
Vibrio cholerae | Diseases
cholera | hypovolemia
43
Vibrio cholerae | Important Properties
G- bacilli, enteric | curved bacilli
44
Bordetella pertussis | Diseases
whooping cough (pertussis)
45
Bordetella pertussis | Important Properties
G- bacilli, respiratory small capsule humans only
46
Haemophylus influenzae | Diseases
CA meningitis | upper respiratory infection
47
Haemophylus influenzae | Important Properties
G- bacilli, respiratory small capsule humans only
48
Staphylococcus aureus | Transmission
30% population in nose homeless, drug users at risk
49
Staphylococcus aureus | Pathogenesis
protein A -> abscesses TSST toxin -> LPS-like effects enterotoxin -> food poisoning exfoliatin -> scalded skin syndrome
50
Staphylococcus aureus | Prevention
cleanliness | intranasal antibiotic for carriers
51
Staphylococcus epidermidis | transmission
into blood through IVs
52
Staphylococcus epidermidis | pathogenesis
HA | biofilms
53
Staphylococcus epidermidis | prevention
vancomycin | cleanliness
54
Staphylococcus saprophyticus | transmission
in mucosa of genital tract | can ascend into bladder
55
Staphylococcus saprophyticus | pathogenesis
CA
56
Staphylococcus saprophyticus | prevention
cleanliness | antibiotics
57
Streptococcus pyogenes | transmission
throat -> blood/tissues 10% pop carriers in throat
58
Streptococcus pyogenes | pathogenesis
``` biofilms -> enzymes and toxins pyogenic inflammatory enzymes: -hyaluronidase: digests connective tissue -streptokinase: digests blood clots -DNAse: digests DNA toxins: -erythrogenic: causes rash -streptolysin O/S: digests RBCs -exotoxin A: shock -exotoxin B: flesh eating disorder immunologic: -protein M -> heart, kidney, joints, brain -> rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis ```
59
Streptococcus pyogenes | prevention
anti-inflammatory drugs | antibiotic preventitive
60
Streptococcus viridians | pathogenesis
biofilms
61
Streptococcus viridians | prevention
antibiotics
62
Streptococcus agalactiae | transmission
mom -> baby in delivery
63
Streptococcus agalactiae | pathogenesis
capsule | induce inflammatory response
64
Streptococcus agalactiae | prevention
screening of pregnant women | antibiotic if positive at delivery
65
Enterococci | pathogenesis
disease if out of intestine | especially in elderly
66
Enterococci | prevention
antibiotics | penicillin resistant
67
Streptococcus pneumoniae | transmission
5-50% pop carriers in throat respiratory droplets not easily transmitted
68
Streptococcus pneumoniae | pathogenesis
capsule -> BBB
69
Streptococcus pneumoniae | prevention
vaccine | antibiotics
70
Neisseria meningitidis | transmission
human to human 5-60% pop carriers in throat sneezing coughing
71
Neisseria meningitidis | pathogenesis
``` capsule -> BBB LPS enzymes -> inflam, high fever, coma 30% mortality if untreated colonizes airway, move into blood and throughout body, into meningeal comps, colonize, symptoms ```
72
Neisseria meningitidis | prevention
vaccine | antibiotic
73
Neisseria gonorrhoeae | transmission
genital secretions | mom -> baby in delivery
74
Neisseria gonorrhoeae | pathogenesis
``` symptomatic in 85% men, 50% women purulent discharge symptoms in 5-7 days enough capsule -> bacteremia, arthritis could cause sterility if untreated ```
75
Neisseria gonorrhoeae | prevention
condom use education antibiotic
76
Bacillus anthracis | transmission
inhalation ingestion contact with endospores
77
Bacillus anthracis | pathogenesis
toxins -> cell death, edema skin in 30% cases GI in 60% cases lungs -> lymph nodes, 100% mortality
78
Bacillus anthracis | prevention
antibiotic | vaccine (military)
79
Bacillus cereus | transmission
endospores in warm rice
80
Bacillus cereus | pathogenesis
endospores release toxin | effects after 24 hours
81
Bacillus cereus | prevention
only symptomatic treatment
82
Clostridium tetani | transmission
spores release toxin
83
Clostridium tetani | pathogenesis
toxin (tetanospasmin) inhibits GABA and glycine -> spastic paralysis symptoms 1-3 weeks after exposure
84
Clostridium tetani | prevention
vaccine antitoxin no treatment once attached to neuron
85
Clostridium botulinum | transmission
spores from soil contaminate veggies / meats improper canning -> toxin raw honey
86
Clostridium botulinum | pathogenesis
toxin prevents ACh release -> flaccid paralysis double vision 60% infant cases
87
Clostridium botulinum | prevention
clean canning antitoxin respiratory support
88
Clostridium perfringens | transmission
student's diarrhea: food contamination | war wounds, crushing injuries
89
Clostridium perfringens | pathogenesis
``` wound -> alpha toxin (membrane damage) food -> enterotoxin gas under skin tissue damage, septicemia, death diarrhea in 8-16h, resolved in 24h ```
90
Clostridium perfringens | prevention
cleanliness
91
Clostridium difficile | transmission
fecal-oral
92
Clostridium difficile | pathogenesis
biofilm -> toxin antibiotics cause ecological imbalance toxin damages intestine walls
93
Clostridium difficile | prevention
antibiotics only when necessary fecal transplant cleanliness
94
Corynebacterium diphtheriae | trasmission
airborne droplets | back of throat and upper airway
95
Corynebacterium diphtheriae | pathogenesis
toxin binds to elongation factor, inhibits translation, kills cells gray biofilm over tonsils rare in USA
96
Corynebacterium diphtheriae | prevention
DTaP antitoxin antibiotics
97
Listeria monocytogenes | transmission
ingesting raw milk, meats, veggies | especially in newborns, pregnant women, immunosuppressed
98
Listeria monocytogenes | pathogenesis
survives inside cells, protected from immune response
99
Listeria monocytogenes | prevention
avoid raw foods if at risk pop
100
Escherichia coli | transmission
fecal-oral urinary tract contamination with own colonic flora mom -> baby
101
Escherichia coli | pathogenesis
tissue invasion EHEC -> shiga toxin -> kidney failure ETEC -> enterotoxin -> diarrhea
102
Escherichia coli | prevention
antibiotics cranberry juice cleanliness decreased time of catheterization
103
Salmonella | transmission
fecal-oral | usually from poultry / eggs
104
Salmonella | pathogenesis
``` enterocolitis: -invades colon tissue, similar to ETEC -100,000 bacteria necessary -susceptible to stomach acid typhoid fever: -invades colon, spreads to liver, spleen, gallbladder -bacteremia -fever due to LPS release -gallbladder can shed bacteria in feces -pale feces, dark urine, decreased bile septicemia: -5-10% patients, mostly elderly and kids ```
105
Salmonella | prevention
2 vaccines cleanliness decrease antacids remove gallbladder
106
Shigella | transmission
flies fingers feces food
107
Shigella | pathogenesis
doesn't invade tissues | shiga toxin
108
Shigella | prevention
cleanliness
109
Vibrio cholerae | transmission
fecal-oral | marine shellfish
110
Vibrio cholerae | pathogenesis
toxin -> clear diarrhea susceptible to stomach acid 1 million bacteria same as ETEC
111
Vibrio cholerae | prevention
cleanliness | vaccine (outside US)
112
Bordetella pertussis | transmission
airborne droplets highly contagious mostly in kids
113
Bordetella pertussis | pathogenesis
toxin (pertussis) ETEC but in lungs mucus in airways high morbidity
114
Bordetella pertussis | prevention
vaccine (DTaP) antibiotics oxygen therapy mucus suction
115
Haemophylus influenzae | transmission
airborne droplets
116
Haemophylus influenzae | pathogenesis
toxin capsule 90% death if untreated
117
Vibrio cholerae | Diseases
Cholera | Meningitis
118
Yersinia | facts
``` plague capsule very virulent from flea bite, flea infected by rodent endo/exo-toxin antibiotics, vaccine ```
119
Mycobacteria tuberculosis | diseases
tuberculosis
120
Mycobacteria tuberculosis | important properties
``` acid fast 1/3 world pop infected 2 million die per year 9 million infected per year 500k patients with multi-resistant strains ```
121
Mycobacteria tuberculosis | transmission
air droplets in bottom of lungs symptoms in 10%
122
Mycobacteria tuberculosis | pathogenesis
``` crosses mucus layer in lungs invades tissue macrophages engulf bacteria bacteria keeps growing -> inflammation granuloma forms of helper T cells phases: -exudative: coughing blood -granuloma: dormant -reactivation: in immunosuppressed patients, stops helper T cells ```
123
Mycobacteria tuberculosis | prevention
``` PPD test multidrug therapy better housing and nutrition screening- especially immunosuppressed BCG live vaccine (0-70% effective) ```
124
Mycobacterium leprae | disases
leprosy (hansen's disease)
125
Mycobacterium leprae | important properties
acid fast not grown in lab 14 day doubling time live in myelin
126
Mycobacterium leprae | transmission
prolonged contact with patients
127
Mycobacterium leprae | pathogenesis
immune system attacks nerves -> numb skin areas types: -tuberculoid: few bacteria, granulomas on skin -lepromatous: many bacteria, deformed bones, unresponsive immune system
128
Mycobacterium leprae | prevention
multi-drug treatment isolation of patients treatment of exposed kids no vaccine
129
Mycobacteria avium-intracellulare | facts
no effect on healthy adults, only immunocompromised/HIV patients in shower heads causes tuberculosis-like disease opportunistic
130
Chlamydia trachomatis | diseases
conjunctivitis/ trachoma pneumonia genital tract disease
131
Chlamydia trachomatis | important properties
``` not gram stained most common std intracellular take atp from host only in humans ```
132
Chlamydia trachomatis | transmission
close personal contact mom -> baby finger to eye 10%+ coinfected with gonorrhea
133
Chlamydia trachomatis | pathogenesis
infect epithelial cells in mucosal tissue
134
Chlamydia trachomatis | prevention
antibiotics prompt treatment check for other stds condoms
135
Chlamydia psitacci | facts
causes psittacosis intracellular infects birds humans inhale dry bird feces
136
Treponema pallidum | diseases
syphilis | non-venereal treponematosis
137
Treponema pallidum | important properties
not grown in lab normal flora 1/10 cases reported
138
Treponema pallidum | transmission
contact with lesions pregnant mom -> baby can burrow through skin
139
Treponema pallidum | pathogenesis
primary: nontender ulcer at site of infection, 1/3 heal secondary: bacteremia, maculopapular rash (palms and soles), 1/3 heal tertiary: granulomas on CNS, bone, skin, heart congenital: mom -> baby in 3rd trimester
140
Treponema pallidum | prevention
antibiotics condom early diagnosis
141
Actinomycetes israelli | facts
``` causes actinomycosis anaerobic in mouth invades tissue if dental trauma antibiotics ```
142
Mycoplasma pneumoniae | facts
``` causes atypical pneumonia very small no cell wall respiratory droplets penicillins are inactive treat with other drugs ```
143
Borrelia burgdorferi | facts
lyme disease tick-borne bacteremia antibiotics
144
Brucella | disease
brucellosis
145
Brucella | important properties
small maybe capsule 3 species- goats/sheep, cows, pigs
146
Brucella | transmission
contaminated milk contact with animals inhalation/ingestion mom->baby
147
Brucella | pathogenesis
``` resistant to stomach acid colonizes major organs grows slowly bacteremia intracellular LPS very infective / contagious fever, joint pain, malaise ```
148
Brucella | prevention
no human vaccine increase animal vaccine pasteurize milk antibiotics

Physiology (16 decks)

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