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FOH > Microbiology Review Game > Flashcards

Microbiology Review Game Flashcards

1
Q

Biofilms may contain mixtures of?

A) aerobes and anaerobes
B) bacteria and fungi
C) gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
A
  • All the above
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2
Q

The best descriptive term for the resident microbiota is?

A) commensal
B) parasite
C) pathogen
D) virus

A
  • Commensal
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3
Q

The predominant bacterial species that colonizes human skin is?

A) bacteroides fragilis
B) candida albicans
C) staphylococcus epidermis
D) streptococcus pneumoniae

A
  • Staphylococcus epidermidis
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4
Q

Resident microbiota are absent from the?

A) alveoli
B) hair follicles
C) intestines
D) pharynx

A
  • Alveoli
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5
Q

The primary effect of lactobacilli in the adult vagina is to?

A) Increase fertility
B) Keep the menstrual cycle regular
C) Maintain an acidic environment
D) Maintain an alkaline environment
E) produce a protective mucus layer
A
  • Maintain an acidic environment
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6
Q

All microorganisms that grow from a clinical sample should be considered significant?

True or false

A
  • False
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7
Q

A 37-year old male is seen at a sexually transmitted infection clinic for treatment of gonorrhea. Prior treatments for this disease have successfully eradicated the organism; however, the man has not changed his behavior, and has been repeatedly reinfected?

A) antigenic variation
B) capsule production
C) IgA1 protease production
D) motility
E) biofilm formation
A
  • Antigenic variation
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8
Q

The polysaccharide capsule of streptococcus pneumonia is associated with resistance to?

A) endocytosis
B) IgA protease
C) hemolysins
D) phagocytosis

A
  • phagocytosis
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9
Q

Each of the following statements concerning surface structures of bacteria is correct except?

A) flagella allow survival in extreme environments
B) gram-negative rods and gram-negative cocci have lipopolysaccharide in their cell envelopes
C) pili can mediate the interaction of bacteria with mucosal epithelium
D) polysaccharide capsules retard phagocytosis

A
  • flagella allow survival in extreme environments
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10
Q

Which of the following is most accurate regarding endotoxin?

A) a polypeptide, with the toxic portion consisting of two D-alanines
B) antigenicity resides in its fatty acid side chains
C) Causes fever and hypotension by inducing the release of interleukins such as IL-1 and TNF
D) produced by gram-positive cocci and gram-negative cocci

A
  • causes fever and hypotension by inducing the release of interleukins such as IL-1 and TNF
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11
Q

Which of the following sets of properties of exotoxins and endotoxins is correctly matched?

A) exotoxins-toxoid vaccines are ineffective, endotoxins-toxoid vaccines are effective
B) exotoxins-weakly toxic per microgram, endotoxins-highly toxic per microgram
C) exotoxins produced only by Gr- bacteria, endotoxins produced only by Gr+ bacteria
D) exotoxins weakly antigenic, endotoxins highly antigenic
E) exotoxins polypeptides, endotoxins lipopolysaccharide.

A
  • Exotoxins polypeptides, endotoxins lipopolysaccharide.
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12
Q

Media containing sheep red blood cells can be used to differentiate ___ bacteria from _____ bacteria?

A) hydrophobic, hydrophilic
B) hemolytic, nonhemolytic
C) bile tolerant, bile sensitive
D) lactose fermenting, nonlactose fermenting

A
  • Hemolytic, nonhemolytic
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13
Q

Regarding sterilization and disinfection, which of the following is the most accurate statement?

A) disinfectants kill both bacterial cells and bacterial endospores.
B) during autoclaving, the temp must be raised above boiling in order to kill bacterial endospores
C) transmission of milk-borne diseases can be prevented by pasteurization, which kills both vegetative cells and endospores
D) UV light is used in OR rooms to sterilize equipment and supplies

A
  • During autoclaving, the temp must be raised above boiling in order to kill bacterial endospores
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14
Q

Each of the following statements concerning the killing of bacteria is correct except?

A) a 100% solution of ethanol kills more effectively than 70% ethanol
B) an autoclave uses steam under pressure to reach a killing temperature of 121C
C) pasteurization of milk kills pathogens but allows many organisms and endospores to survive

A
  • An autoclave uses steam under pressure to reach a killing temperature of 121C
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15
Q

In general, anaerobic microbes lack?

A) terminal electron acceptors
B) the ability to synthesize ATP
C) polymerase and transpeptidase
D) catalase and superoxide dismutase
E) all of the above
A
  • catalase and superoxide dismutase
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16
Q

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) capsule- negative stain
B) cell arrangement- simple stain
C) Mycobacterium - acid fast stain
D) gram stain - bacterial classification
E) none of the above
A
  • none of the above
17
Q

Which of the following statements is true?

A) endospores actively metabolize
B) endospores allow bacterial cells to survive stressful environments
C) endospores are easily stained
D) endospores are made by bacteria, fungi and algae
E) endospores undergo binary fission

A
  • Endospores allow bacteria to survive stressful environments
18
Q

a 48-year old female presents to the ER complaining of urinary urgency and flank pain. Microscopic examination of a urine sample revealed gram-negative rods. Prior to initiation of antibiotic therapy, she developed fever, chills and delirium. Hypotension and hyperventilation rapidly followed. These observations suggest that the patient is responding to the release of?

A) collagenase
B) hyaluronidase
C) lipopolysaccharide
D) porin proteins

A
  • lipopolysaccharide
19
Q

Polymers of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid are found in which of the following structures?

A) capsule
B) LPS
C) peptidoglycan
D) teichoic acid
E) flagella
A
  • Peptidoglycan
20
Q

Which of the following is the most accurate regarding the Gram stain?

A) after adding crystal violet and gram’s iodine, both gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria will appear purple/blue
B) if you decolorize and forget to stain with safranin, both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria will appear purple/blue
C) the decolorizer adheres cells to the slide
D) the initial dye is safranin, and the final dye is crystal violet

A
  • A)
21
Q

Which of the following is not a structure associated with prokaryotic cells?

A) flagella
B) pili
C) plasma membrane
D) nuclei
E) all of the above
A
  • nuclei
22
Q

A 78-year old male develops a high fever, cough with blood-tinged sputum, and difficulty breathing, sputum is collected for gram-staining and microscopy, the most important virulence factor for the likely etiologic agent is/are?

A) capsules
B) endotoxin
C) flagella
D) superantigens

A
  • Capsules
23
Q

A new infectious agent has been isolated from deer ticks. It lacks peptidoglycan but has 70s ribosomes in the cytoplasm. The agent is most likely a?

A) staphylococcus
B) mycoplasma
C) mycobacterium
D) virus
E) protozoan
A
  • Mycoplamsa
24
Q

A surgery patient at risk for gram-negative sepsis is part of a research project to prevent endotoxic shock using monoclonal antibodies to inhibit the endotoxin molecule. To which component of the endotoxin molecule should the monoclonal antibodies be directed?

A) core polysaccharide
B) lipid A
C) o-side chain
D) peptidoglycan
E) teichoic acid
A
  • O-side chain
25
Q

Why is the gram stain called a differential stain?

A) differentiates cocci from bacilli
B) differentiates procaryotes from euks
C) differentiates Gr+ bacteria from Gr - bacteria
D) none of the above

A
  • Differentiates Gr- from Gr+

FOH (31 decks)

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