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Geography 151 > Middle East and North Africa > Flashcards

Middle East and North Africa Flashcards

1
Q

alternative to middle east (MENA)

A

southwest asia

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2
Q

international monetary fund (IMF)

A

set up in WWII (1944)

charged with fostering global economic growth, promoting stability; provides policy for developing countries

voting is not even, requires 85% majority

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3
Q

who holds the most voting power in the IMF/has effective veto power? about how much is their veto power?

A

US, ~16.5%

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4
Q

________ in MENA was persistently high for a long period of time

A

unemployment

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5
Q

persian empire

A

modern day Iran

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6
Q

expansion diffusion

A

not evenly, starts somewhere and stays there while spreading

propagation waves originate in a strong and durable source

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7
Q

relocation diffusion

A

hops around

movement from a source to distant, unconnected region

many diseases spread this way

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8
Q

Sunnis

A

majority of islam, 85%

belief in Muhammad

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9
Q

Shi’ites/Shia

A

minority of islam

proclaimed the Ali, muhammad’s cousin, was the successor

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10
Q

what schism is at the root of many conflicts in MENA realm?

A

Shia-Sunni schism

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11
Q

the ottoman empire is responsible for….

A

strong muslim influence in the Balkans

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12
Q

Sharia Law

A

moral code and religious law of Islam

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13
Q

Maghreb

A

historical location of the Berber people, area under the influence of the Atlas Mountains:

Algeria
libya
mauritania
morocco
tunisia
w. sahara

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14
Q

maghreb means

A

west, referring to the extent of the Arab conquest

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15
Q

who was spain conquered by in the 700’s?

A

the Maghreb people

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16
Q

orographic lifting

A

produces rainfall along the western edge of the atlas mountains

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17
Q

windward vs. leeward side of mountain

A

windward: precipitation, warm/moist air

leeward: dry, hotter air, less water

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18
Q

where is timbuktu?

A

northern mali along the Niger river

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19
Q

Mali is ______, with ____ arable land (available to grow crops)

A

landlocked; ~4%

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20
Q

median age of Mali and urbanization percentage

A

16; 46%

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21
Q

who colonized large parts of west, central and northwest africa?

A

the french

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22
Q

tuaregs

A

desert people, subgroup of berbers (people in maghreb)

nomadic and pastoral

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23
Q

Mali War (2012-present)

A

Tuareg/Azawad (interchangeable) people seized control of northern mali

NMLA aided by Islamists until introduction of Sharia Law

24
Q

NMLA

A

national movement for the liberation of Azawad/tuareg people

25
Q

who controls most of the south of Mali, including the capital?

A

malian government/army

26
Q

libya’s population is quite ____ relative to its landmass - only about ________. where do most people in libya live?

A

small; 6 million; cities

27
Q

how are states considered “failed”

A

can’t effectively govern state

28
Q

egypt is ________ as it occupies both africa and asia

A

transcontinental

29
Q

largest country in the MENA region

A

egypt

30
Q

middle power (and example)

A

strong regional influence (ex. egypt)

31
Q

physiological density

A

population divided by arable land

32
Q

what significant christian minority is in Egypt

A

Copts/coptic christians

33
Q

longest river in the world

A

nile river

34
Q

what are the two branches of the nile and where do they meet?

A

white and blue; Khartoum (capital of Sudan)

35
Q

what percent of people in egypt live 20 km from the nile

A

95%

36
Q

Aswan Dam

A

regulates water flow and provides electricity from the Nile

37
Q

t/f: oil reserves in the middle east are spread out evenly

A

False, not distributed evenly

38
Q

worlds biggest peninsula and who is it home to?

A

arabian; Arab

39
Q

Arab is defined by what three things?

A

culture
language
genealogy

40
Q

The Levant and the countries

A

east = meaning eastern edge of mediterranean

littoral zone between eastern med. between turkey and egypt

israel, palestine, lebanon, syria and jordan

41
Q

damascus, one of the oldest cities in the world, the capital of what country?

A

Syria

42
Q

jewish state created in 1948 by UN mandate

A

israel

43
Q

where in israel is the current palestinian authority?

A

west bank and gaza

44
Q

capital of turkey is _______ not __________

A

Ankara; Istanbul

45
Q

strait of hormuz

A

choke point between persian gulf and open sea/UAE and Iran

46
Q

largest state ruled by Shia Islam

A

Iran

47
Q

The Arab Spring and where is started

A

phenomenon of widespread public protest in the Arab world in response to longstanding secularist and authoritarian regimes

tunisia

48
Q

political party of President Morsi and its primary goals

A

Muslim Brotherhood; promoting islamic values, social justice, and political reform

49
Q

president of syria

A

Bashar al-Assad

50
Q

Ba’athism

A

Arab nationalist ideology concerned with developing a socialist, pan-Arab state

secular, typically authoritarian but anti-monarchy

51
Q

two main factions of Palestinian Liberation Organization

A

Hamas and Fatah (dominant party, controls west bank)

52
Q

west bank refers to

A

territory west of the Jordan river to Jerusalem

53
Q

Hamas

A

offshoot of Muslim Brotherhood

still classified as terrorist organization by US and others

54
Q

the Israel Defense Force (IDF) typically responds with ___________

A

air strikes

55
Q

the Islamic state arose during the ____ _________ and ________ ________ following the Iraq War and Syrian Civil War

A

power vacuum; widespread discontent

56
Q

economic cartel

A

agreement between competing firms/countries

Geography 151 (14 decks)

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