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Geography 151 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

what mountain ranges divide europe from asia?

A

Ural and Caucasus

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2
Q

europe is considered the westernmost _____ of Eurasia

A

peninsula

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3
Q

what oceans surround europe?

A

above from left to right: north atlantic, artic ocean

below from left to right: mediterranean sea, black sea, and caspian sea

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4
Q

russia is ____________

A

transcontinental

treated as own region

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5
Q

europe has about ____ countries

A

50

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6
Q

europe has a _____ population density

A

high

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7
Q

population is _____ distributed within a continent

A

unevenly

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8
Q

countries in western region of europe

A

france, germany, switz, austria, belgium, netherlands

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9
Q

countries in northern region of europe

A

UK, norway, sweden, finland, estonia, latvia, lithuania

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10
Q

countries in eastern region of europe

A

poland, ukraine, romaina, belarus, bulgaria

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11
Q

countries in southern region of europe

A

spain, portugal, croatia, greece, italy

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12
Q

the physical isolation of the greek city-state caused …

A

them to often fight among themselves

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13
Q

where was the Persian empire located today?

A

modern day Iran

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14
Q

battle of thermopylae

A

story of 300 Spartans famously held off the Persian army for a short time

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15
Q

one of the largest land-empires in history was centered on ________, under the leader _________

A

Macedonia, Alexander the Great

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16
Q

the Levant

A

eastern edge of Roman Empire

meaning: to rise

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17
Q

roman empire grew so large, it split into two pieces:

A

west ruled from Rome, east ruled from Constantinople

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18
Q

shortly after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, _____ spread very rapidly (622-750) from its source in ______

A

Islam; Saudi Arabia

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19
Q

what country has the largest Muslim population?

A

Kosovo (96%)

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20
Q

natural border between france and spain, as well as where the Islamic expansion in france was stopped

A

Pyrenees Mountains

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21
Q

1580: Byzantium is now the _______

A

(Islamic) Ottoman Empire

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22
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

1750-1850
started in the United Kingdom

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23
Q

4 main machines of the industrial revolution

A

textiles - spinning mule (clothing)
steam power - steam engine (coal)
iron making
gas lighting

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24
Q

_____ publishes the Communist Manifesto in 1848

A

Karl Marx

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25
nation-state
state that self-identifies as deriving its political legitimacy from serving a sovereign entity for a nation as a sovereign territorial unit; implies the nation and state coincide geographically
26
the balkan peninsula
power vacuum greece, macedonia, albania, B+H, bulgaria, croatia, montenegro, romania, serbia and slovenia
27
balkanization
the process of fragmentation or division of a region or state into smaller regions or states that are often hostile or non-cooperative with each other
28
what is going on during the Balkan wars (1912-1913)?
serbia, germany, and russia want to expand ottoman empire is weak overall conflicts over colonial expanison
29
triple entente
russia, france, britain
30
triple alliance
italy, austria-hungary, germany
31
who did the balkans aid during WWI?
triple entente, alliance and ottoman empire
32
who did the ottoman empire ally with?
the triple alliance
33
schlieffen plan
devised for WWI to knock France out of the war before Russia could mobilize through belgium DID NOT WORK! actually made war worse, causing UK to join war
34
______________ in 1917 ends the eastern front of WWI
Russian revolution
35
important immediate outcomes of WWI
yugoslavia created czechoslovakia created LON created rise of fascism in italy communists in power in russia (now USSR)
36
union of soviet socialist republicans (1922-1991)
USSR created from much of eastern europe and russia large population, strongly centered in west
37
yugoslavia after 1929 means
South Slavs
38
nationalism
nation congruent with state
39
Czechoslovakia carved from
germany austria and south poland after WWI
40
who was seen as the instigator of WWI?
germany!
41
what price did WWI cost germany?
- vast strategic and rich portions of land - all colonies abroad - can't develop military again after war - require to pay reparations
42
League of Nations (LON)
forerunner of the UN established 1919-1946 brainchild of US president woodrow wilson greatest extend: 58 members
43
what did the US do after WWI?
retreat into isolationism
44
head of european fascism
benito mussolini (1922-1943)
45
european fascism
"state above all" authoritarian democracy
46
what was thought to cause the build up to WWII?
LON was "toothless", didn't insert themselves/punish in conflicts
47
Nazi-Soviet Pact
represents end of LON, invade Poland together
48
Manstein plan
similar to Schlieffen plan, but actually works! france surrenders after only a month in june 1940, worst military defeat ever
49
germany surprise attacks ____ june 1941
USSR; doesn't really work
50
where does US arrive via operation torch in november 1942
Morocco
51
what route does US take to get to france from morocco?
UK to france; ending in D-day june 1944
52
why does germany surrender to US in 1945?
thought we would be better in terms of treatment
53
eastern front was _____ and_______
larger; bloodier
54
exclave
part of a country that is not physically continuous with the rest of it
55
____ percent of germany's population was killed
11
56
what happened to berlin after WWII?
divided into four parts (UK, US, USSR, France) even though it is in deep soviet territory
57
what dominants the UN?
the security council
58
who is permanent members of the security council?
victors of WWII US, UK, france, USSR/Russia, China
59
west berlin is considered a ...
political enclave
60
enclave
territory that is completely surrounded by another (single) country
61
NATO
"keep russians out, americans in, germans down" collective defense agreement, attack on one of these countries is attacking all of these countries
62
BeNeLux countries
belgium netherlands luxembourg
63
NATO countries
BeNeLux UK France US Canada Portugal Italy Norway Denmark Iceland
64
marshall plan
rebuild war-torn western europe - more US markets - stop the spread of communism
65
Warsaw Pact/Eastern Bloc
prompted by west germany joining NATO collective defense agreement: Poland East Germany Czech Hungary Albania Bulgaria Romania
66
cold war (1947-1991)
europe is quiet, proxy wars fought elsewhere
67
unwritten rule of cold war
soviets *never* fought US and vice versa!
68
__________ in eastern Bloc countries increasingly apparent the end of the cold war, aka the ____________
economic rot; era of stagnation
69
what dissolves in December 1991
USSR
70
choke-point
small area where trade **needs** to pass through
71
british overseas territory located at the southern tip of the ___________
iberian peninsula
72
the iberian peninsula is a strategic _______ controlling entry into the ________
choke-point; mediterranean sea
73
british isles consists of
UK and all of ireland
74
United Kingdom
constitutional monarchy 6th largest economy lasting global impact via colonialism closest ally of US
75
UK is the union of what 4 primary elements
england wales scotland northern ireland
76
western europe is typically ______, __________ with mixed economies
high-income; democratic
77
when did yugoslavia finally dissolve and who had a prominent though controversial role in it?
2005; NATO
78

Geography 151 (14 decks)

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