MIDTERM 01 - Tannins Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
Are complex substances that are difficult to separate because they do not crystallize
A
Tannins
2
Q
Substances that form colloidal solutions with water possessing an acid reaction and a sharp “puckering” taste
A
Tannins
3
Q
Tannins are medically used as an __________
A
Astringent
4
Q
Tannins are used in the manufacture of __________
A
Leather
5
Q
Tannins are applied to skin and hides to form __________
A
Leather
6
Q
__________ tannins form a “bloom”
A
Hydrolyzable
7
Q
___________ tannins form “tanner’s red”
A
Non-hydrolyzable
8
Q
Tannins cause precipitation solutions of __________ as well as of __________ (GA)
A
Gelatin, Alkaloids
9
Q
Tannins form ___________ or __________ soluble compounds with ferric salts (DG)
A
Dark blue, Greenish black
10
Q
Tannins produce a __________ color with potassium ferric cyanide and ammonia
A
Deep red
11
Q
Prolonged use of tannin-rich plants may be hazardous because it is __________
A
Carcinogenic
12
Q
Plant rich in condensed tannins; is linked to high rates of oral and esophageal cancer
A
Areca catechu
13
Q
Tannins are used as an antidote for __________ by forming an insoluble tannate
A
Alkaloid poisoning
14
Q
3 components of the universal antidote (ATM)
A
Activated charcoal, Tannic acid, Magnesium oxide
15
Q
2 classes of tannins (HN)
A
Hydrolyzable, Non-hydrolyzable
16
Q
Other name of hydrolyzable tannins
A
Pyrogallol
17
Q
Consists of gallic acid or related polyhydric compounds esterified with glucose (Classes of tannins)
A
Hydrolyzable tannins
18
Q
2 types of hydrolyzable tannins (GE)
A
Gallitannins, Ellagitannins
19
Q
Simplest type of HT; has a central core glucose with gallic acid (Types of hydrolyzable tannins)
A
Gallitannins
20
Q
Composed of hexahydroxy-diphenic acids (Types of hydrolyzable tannins)
A
Ellagitannins
21
Q
Contains only one phenolic nuclei linked to carbohydrates or proteins (Classes of tannins)
A
Non-hydrolyzable tannins (Condensed tannins)
22
Q
Non-hydrolyzable tannins mostly results from the condensation of 2 or more flavan-3-ols (ex. ___________) or from flavan-3,4-diols (ex. __________) (CL)
A
Catechin, Leucocyanidin
23
Q
Non-hydrolyzable tannins tend to polymerize resulting to insoluble red colored product called __________
A
Phlobaphenes
24
Q
Hydrolyzed by acids or enzymes (Classes of tannins)
A
Hydrolyzable tannins
25
Reaction of hydrolyzable tannins with ferric chloride solution leads to a __________ ppt
Bluish-black
26
Not hydrolyzed to simpler molecules; has no sugar moiety (Classes of tannins)
Non-hydrolyzable tannins
27
Reaction of non-hydrolyzable tannins with ferric chloride solution leads to a __________ ppt
Greenish-brown
28
A red insoluble compound formed upon treatment with acids/enzymes to condensed tannins
Phlobaphenes
29
Tannins are __________ in water, dilute alkalis, alcohol, glycerol, and acetone
Soluble
30
Tannins are __________ in organic solvents
Sparingly soluble
31
Test for the presence of tannins; brown/black color (Tests for tannins)
Goldbeater's skin test
32
Goldbeater's skin test (Test for)
Tannins
33
Goldbeater's skin test (Positive result)
Brown/black color
34
Test for gallic acid and other pseudotannins; precipitation of gelatin (Tests for tannins)
Gelatin test
35
Gelatin test (Test for)
Gallic acid and other pseudotannins
36
Gelatin test (Positive result)
Precipitation of gelatin
37
Test wherein all tannins are precipitated; the precipitate being bulky and often colored (Tests for tannins)
Phenazone test
38
Involves heating of catechins with acids to form phloroglucinol (Tests for tannins)
Test for catechin
39
Test for catechin (Test for)
Catechin
40
Test for catechin (Positive result)
Wood pink/red
41
In test for catechin, the __________ produced turns wood pink or red
Phloroglucinol
42
An extract containing chlorogenic acid when treated with aqueous ammonia and exposed to air gradually develops green color (Tests for tannins)
Test for chlorogenic acid
43
Test for chlorogenic acid (Test for)
Chlorogenic acid
44
Test for chlorogenic acid (Positive result)
Green color
45
Which of the following is/are true about tannins?
a. Tannins have the ability to precipitate proteins
b. Good antidote for alkaloidal poisoning
c. All of the above
c. All of the above
46
Tanner's red is a type of leather produced from what type of tannin?
Non-hydrolyzable tannin
47
Hydrolyzable tannins yield gallic acid when hydrolyzed; Hydrolyzable tannins turn bluish-black with ferric chloride test solution
a. Only the first statement is correct
b. Only the second statement is correct
c. Both are incorrect
d. Both statements are correct
d. Both statements are correct
48
The dried leaf of Hamamelis virginiana; has astringent and hemostatic properties (Tannin-containing plant materials)
Hamamelis leaf (Witch hazel leaf)
49
Hamamelis leaf (Witch hazel leaf) is the dried leaf of __________
Hamamelis virginiana
50
Greek word which means "at the same time" (Etymology of hamamelis leaf)
Hama
51
Greek word which means "fruit" (Etymology of hamamelis leaf)
Melis
52
Greek word which means "plant found in Virginia" (Etymology of hamamelis leaf)
Virginiana
53
3 constituents of hamamelis leaf (Witch hazel leaf) (HGV)
Hamamelitannin, Gallic acid, Volatile oil
54
Extract prepared by steam distillation of Hamamelis virginiana; is incorporated in hemorrhoidal products, preparations for insect bites and stings, and teething preparations
Hamamelis water/Distilled witch hazel extract
55
Excrescence obtained from the young twigs of Quercus infectoria and allied species Quercus (Tannin-containing plant materials)
Nutgall
56
Nutgall is the excrescence obtained from the young twigs of __________ and allied species Quercus
Quercus infectoria
57
Nutgall is caused by the puncture of a hymenopterous insect, __________
Cynips tinctaria
58
3 constituents of nutgall (TEG)
Tannic acid, Ellagic acid, Gallic acid
59
Principal constituent of nutgall; is medically used as an astringent; also used in tanning and dyeing
Tannic acid
60
In tannic acid, the aqueous layer contains __________ and the ethereal layer contains the free __________ present in the gall (GG)
Gallotannin, Gallic acid
61
Constituent used by ostomates to help control odors
Bismuth subgallate
62
Produced by aphis, Schlectendalia chinensis, on the petiole of the leaves of Rhus chinensis (Anacardiaceae) (Allied products of nutgall)
Chinese and Japanese galls
63
Chinese and Japanese galls are produced by aphis, __________, on the petiole of the leaves of Rhus chinensis (Anacardiaceae)
Schlectendalia chinensis
64
Chinese and Japanese galls are produced by aphis, Schlectendalia chinensis on the petiole of the leaves of __________
Rhus chinensis (Family: Anacardiaceae)
65
Produced by Cynis lignicola on Quercus robis (Allied products of nutgall)
Hungarian galls
66
Hungarian galls are produced by __________ on Quercus robus
Cynic lignicola
67
Hungarian galls are produced by Cynis lignicola on __________
Quercus robus
68
Is the dried false fruits of Crataegus monogyna or C. laevigata (Rosaceae); used as mild cardiac tonic (Tannin-containing plant materials)
Hawthorn
69
3 common names of hawthorn (HMM)
Haw, Maybush, Mayflower
70
Hawthorn is the dried, false fruit of __________ or __________ (CC)
Crataegus monogyna, Crataegus laevigata (Family: Rosaceae)
71
2 constituents of hawthorn found in its fruit (PH)
Procyanidin, Hyperoside
72
2 constituents of hawthorn found in its leaves (LP)
Less hyperoside, Principally vitexin rhamnoside
73
Hawthorn does not have toxic effects of __________
Digitalis
74
The flowering and aerial parts of Alchemilla xanthochlora (Rosaceae); used as an astringent against bleeding and diarrhea and for gynecological conditions (Tannin-containing plant materials)
Alchemilla
75
Common name of alchemilla
Lady's mantle
76
Alchemilla is the flowering and aerial part of __________
Alchemilla xanthochlora (Family: Rosaceae)
77
Constituent of alchemilla
Ellagitannins (Pedunculangin, Alchemillin)
78
Is the dried root of Krameria triandra (Krameriaceae); used as an astringent and antimicrobial for mouth and throat infections (Tannin-containing plant materials)
Rhatany
79
3 common names of rhatany (PRM)
Peruvian rhatany, Red rhatany, Mapato
80
Is a small family related to Leguminoseae/Fabaceae; includes rhatany
Krameriaceae
81
2 constituents of rhatany found in krameria root (PP)
Proanthocyanidin, Phlobaphene (Krameria red)
82
Constituents useful in sun-protection preparations; found in rhatany
Ratanhiaphenols I and II
83
Is the dried pericarp of Punica granatum (Punicaceae); used as herbal remedy for nonspecific diarrhea and astringent (Tannin-containing plant materials)
Pomegranate
84
Synonym of pomegranate
Granada
85
Pomegranate is the dried pericarp of the fruit of __________
Punica granatum (Family: Punicaceae)
86
The __________ of a pomegranate contains alkaloids
Root bark
87
Is the dried, aqueous extract from Uncaria gambir (Rubiaceae); used to make cutch or black catechu extract (Tannin-containing plant materials)
Gambir
88
3 synonyms of gambir (CPG)
Catechu, Pale catechu, Gambir
89
Gambir is the dried, aqueous extract from the leaves and young twigs of __________
Uncaria gambir (Family: Rubiaceae)
90
5 constituents of gambir (CCCQG)
Catechin, Catechutannic acid, Catechu red, Quercetin, Gambir-fluorescin
91
2 chemical tests for gambir constituents
Test for gambir-fluorescin, Test for catechin
92
Its positive result is strong green fluorescence on the petroleum spirit layer (Chemical tests for gambir constituents)
Test for gambir-fluorescin
93
An extract prepared from the heartwood of Acacia catechu; it gives no reaction to gambir-fluorescin (Allied drugs of gambir)
Cutch/Black catechu
94
4 constituents of cutch/black catechu (CPGQ)
Catechins (Acacatechin), Phlobatannins, Gummy matter, Quercetin
95
Name applied to dried juices rich in phlobatannins and used as an astringent (Tannin-containing plant materials)
Kino
96
Kino is the name applied to dried juices rich in __________ and used as an astringent
Phlobatannins
97
3 sources of kino (MBE)
Malabar kino, Bengal kino, Eucalyptus kino
98
From Pterocarpus marsupium (Sources of kino)
Malabar kino
99
From Butea frondosa (Sources of kino)
Bengal kino
100
From Eucalyptus rostrata (Family: Myrtaceae) (Sources of kino)
Eucalyptus kino
101
2 constituents of kino (KK)
Kino tannin, Kinoin
102
Is the bark of Croton lechleri; used to assist in wound healing and for its antitumor activity (Tannin-containing plant materials)
Croton lechleri
103
3 synonyms of Croton lechleri (SDS)
Sangre de grado, Dragon's blood, Sangre de grace
104
Croton lechleri is the bark of __________
Croton lechleri
105
2 constituents of Croton lechleri (PT)
Proanthocyanidin, Tapsine (alkaloid)
106
A wound healing constituent of Croton lechleri
Tapsine (alkaloid)
107
3 local sources of tannins (DBK)
Duhat bark, Bunga seed, Kamachile bark
108
2 other names of non-hydrolyzable tannins (CP)
Catechin, Proanthocyanin
