PRELIM 03 - Drugs Containing Compounds Related to Sugars

Question 1

Is the liquid expressed from the fresh, ripe fruit of Prunus cerasus; used for preparation of cherry syrup

Answer 1

Cherry juice

Question 2

Synonym of cherry juice

Answer 2

Succus cerasi

Question 3

Cherry juice is the liquid expressed from the fresh, ripe fruit of __________

Answer 3

Prunus cerasus (Fam: Rosaceae)

Question 4

Cherry juice contains pectin and __________% malic acid

Answer 4

1%

Question 5

First isolated in crystal form from lemon juice by Scheele in 1784; used for buffering system and acidulant in effervescent preparation (Examples of plant acids)

Answer 5

Citric acid

Question 6

Test used to differentiate citric acid from tartaric acid

Answer 6

Denige’s test

Question 7

Decolorization and formation of white ppt (Result for Denige’s test)

Answer 7

Citric acid

Question 8

Decolorization without formation of ppt (Results for Denige’s test)

Answer 8

Tartaric acid

Question 9

A colorless or yellowish nearly odorless, syrupy liquid; used as an acidulant in infant feeding formulas (Examples of plant acids)

Answer 9

Lactic acid

Question 10

An injection that is an electrolyte replenisher used for the treatment of metabolic acidosis; a sodium salt of lactic acid

Answer 10

Sodium lactate injection

Question 11

A mixture of lactic acid and lactic acid lactate is equivalent to a total of NLT __________% and NMT __________% by weight of lactic acid

Answer 11

85%-90%

Question 12

A dicarboxylic acid that is a byproduct of the wine industry; used as a substitute for citric acid in buffer systems (Examples of plant acids)

Answer 12

Tartaric acid

Question 13

A liquid containing NLT 92.3% by weight, corresponding to 94.9% by volume, of ethanol at 15.56°C

Answer 13

Alcohol

Question 14

A __________% w/v solution of alcohol serves as a disinfectant and antiseptic

Answer 14

70%

Question 15

A mixture of alcohol and water in which the percentage of ethanol by volume at 15.56°C is 48.4-49.5%; is used as a solvent

Answer 15

Diluted alcohol

Question 16

A low concentration of alcohol serves as a __________

Answer 16

CNS stimulant

Question 17

A high concentration of alcohol serves as a ___________

Answer 17

CNS depressant

Question 18

Alcohol undergoes the process of distillation to yield a concentration of __________ to __________% alcohol

Answer 18

40-55%

Question 19

From distilled wine (Examples of alcohol)

Answer 19

Brandy

Question 20

From fermented malted grain (Examples of alcohol)

Answer 20

Whiskey

Question 21

From fermented molasses (Examples of alcohol)

Answer 21

Rum

Question 22

__________ serves as a CNS stimulant and tonic (Examples of alcohol)

Answer 22

Wine

Question 23

__________ and __________ serves as a CNS depressant (Examples of alcohol) (WB)

Answer 23

Whiskey, Brandy

Question 24

A hexahydric alcohol obtained by reduction of mannose or isolation from manna; used as a diagnostic agent and osmotic diuretic (Products of reductive metabolism)

Answer 24

Mannitol/D-mannitol

Question 25

Is a dried exudate from Fraxinus urnus (Fam: Oleaceae); used to isolate mannitol

Answer 25

Manna

Question 26

Manna refers to the dried exudate from __________

Answer 26

Fraxinus urnus (Fam: Oleaceae)

Question 27

Dose for mannitol when used as a diagnostic agent

Answer 27

200 mg/kg IV

Question 28

Dose for mannitol when used as an osmotic diuretic

Answer 28

50-100 g daily via IV infusion

Question 29

Is a hexitol obtained from the ripe berries of Sorbus aucuparia (Fam: Rosaceae); used as an ingredient in toothpastes, chewing gums, and is used in combination mannitol as urologic irrigation (Products of reductive metabolism)

Answer 29

Sorbitol/D-glucitol/D-sorbitol

Question 30

Sorbitol is obtained from the ripe berries of __________

Answer 30

Sorbus aucuparia (Fam: Rosaceae)

Question 31

When taken in large amounts, sorbitol acts as an ___________

Answer 31

Osmotic laxative

Question 32

Are polymers of monosaccharides linked together through glycosidic linkages

Answer 32

Polysaccharides

Question 33

2 classifications of polysaccharides (HH)

Answer 33

Homoglycan, Heteroglycan

Question 34

Yield one type of monosaccharide upon hydrolysis (Classifications of polysaccharides)

Answer 34

Homoglycan

Question 35

Yield more than one type of monosaccharide upon hydrolysis (Classifications of polysaccharides)

Answer 35

Heteroglycan

Question 36

Starch (Classifications of polysaccharides)

Answer 36

Homoglycan

Question 37

Inulin (Classifications of polysaccharides)

Answer 37

Homoglycan

Question 38

Cellulose (Classifications of polysaccharides)

Answer 38

Homoglycan

Question 39

Dextran (Classifications of polysaccharides)

Answer 39

Homoglycan

Question 40

Gums and mucilages (Classifications of polysaccharides)

Answer 40

Heteroglycan

Question 41

Produced in large quantities in green leaves; obtained from maize, rice, wheat, and potato

Answer 41

Starch

Question 42

4 source of starch (MRWP)

Answer 42

Maize, Rice, Wheat, Potato

Question 43

Maize (Scientific name) (Sources of starch)

Answer 43

Zea mays

Question 44

Rice (Scientific name) (Sources of starch)

Answer 44

Oryza sativa

Question 45

Wheat (Scientific name) (Sources of starch)

Answer 45

Triticum aestivum

Question 46

Potato (Scientific name) (Sources of starch)

Answer 46

Solanum tuberosum

Question 47

Upon hydrolysis, starch will yield __________

Answer 47

Glucose (Glucosan)

Question 48

2 components of starch (AA)

Answer 48

Amylose, Amylopectin

Question 49

Linear molecule composed of 250-300 D-glucopyranose units (Amylose vs. Amylopectin)

Answer 49

Amylose

Question 50

Branched chain polymer of D-glucopyranose units (Amylose vs. Amylopectin)

Answer 50

Amylopectin

Question 51

More soluble in water (Amylose vs. Amylopectin)

Answer 51

Amylose

Question 52

Insoluble (forming paste) (Amylose vs. Amylopectin)

Answer 52

Amylopectin

Question 53

Reacts with iodine to form a deep blue complex (Amylose vs. Amylopectin)

Answer 53

Amylose

Question 54

Reacts with iodine to form a blue-violet or purple color (Amylose vs. Amylopectin)

Answer 54

Amylopectin

Question 55

Most starches contain up to 20% but sometimes absent (Amylose vs. Amylopectin)

Answer 55

Amylose

Question 56

Main constituent of starch (over 80%) (Amylose vs. Amylopectin)

Answer 56

Amylopectin

Question 57

α-1,4 glucosidic bonds (Amylose vs. Amylopectin)

Answer 57

Amylose

Question 58

α-1,4 and α-1,6 (every 25 glucose) (Amylose vs. Amylopectin)

Answer 58

Amylopectin

Question 59

Present in pancreatic juice and saliva; hydrolyzes starch by a random splitting of α-1,4-glucosidic linkages (Enzymes that break down starch)

Answer 59

α-Amylase

Question 60

Amylose → α-Amylase → __________, __________, __________ (GMA)

Answer 60

Glucose, Maltose, Amylopectin

Question 61

Lacks the capacity to hydrolyze α-1,6; the reaction stops, leaving dextrins that are the products of incomplete hydrolysis (Enzymes that break down starch)

Answer 61

β-Amylase

Question 62

Amylose → β-Amylase → purely __________

Answer 62

Maltose

Question 63

Granules of _________ starch are polygonal, rounded, or spheroidal and are about 35 µm in diameter (Sources of starch)

Answer 63

Corn

Question 64

__________ starch contains large lenticular granules 20-50 µm in diameter and small spheric about 5-10 µm in diameter (Sources of starch)

Answer 64

Wheat

Question 65

__________ starch consists of irregularly ovoid or spheric granules 30-100 µm in diameter and subspheric granules 10-30 µm in diameter (Sources of starch)

Answer 65

Potato

Question 66

__________ is used as an ingredient in dusting powders and as a tablet filler, binder, and disintegrant (Examples of polysaccharides)

Answer 66

Starch

Question 67

Suspension used as an antidote for iodine poisoning

Answer 67

Starch suspension

Question 68

Starch used as a lubricant for surgeons' gloves

Answer 68

Sterilization maize starch

Question 69

Starch that has been chemically or mechanically processed to rupture all or part of the granules in the presence of water; used as a tablet excipient (Types of starch)

Answer 69

Pre-gelatinized starch

Question 70

Is the sodium salt of a carboxylmethyl ether of starch; used as a disintegrating agent (Types of starch)

Answer 70

Sodium starch glycolate

Question 71

Is semisynthetic, contains 90% amylopectin, and 7/8 hydroxylethyl substituents are present for each 10 glucose unit (Types of starch)

Answer 71

Hetastarch

Question 72

Used as a plasma expander; is an adjunct therapy in treatment of shock caused by hemorrhage, burns, surgery, sepsis, or other trauma (Types of starch)

Answer 72

6% Hetastarch

Question 73

Obtain from the subterranean organs of members of the family Compositae; used in culture media and in the evaluation of renal function

Answer 73

Inulin/Hydrous inulin

Question 74

Inulin/Hydrous inulin is obtained from the subterranean organs of members of the family __________

Answer 74

Compositae

Question 75

Upon hydrolysis, inulin/hydrous inulin will yield __________

Answer 75

Fructose (Fructosan)

Question 76

Formed from sucrose by the action from dextran sucrase produced by microbial species of Leuconostoc mesenteroides; used as a plasma expander

Answer 76

Dextran

Question 77

Dextran is formed from sucrose by the action of dextran sucrase produced by the microbial species of __________

Answer 77

Leuconostoc mesenteroides

Question 78

Injection that is a sterile colloidal solution of ferric hydroxide; used as a hematinic

Answer 78

Iron dextran injection

Question 79

The main component of cell walls in plants

Answer 79

Cellulose

Question 80

Wood is __________ to __________% cellulose

Answer 80

40-55%

Question 81

Cotton is __________% cellulose

Answer 81

98%

Question 82

Is the hair of the seed of Gossypium hirsutum; used as a surgical dressing, mechanical protection, and to keep bacteria from infecting wounds

Answer 82

Purified cotton/Absorbent cotton

Question 83

__________ came from the Arabic word "gos" meaning soft and silky

Answer 83

Gossypium

Question 84

__________ came from a Latin word which means rough or hairy

Answer 84

Hirsutum

Question 85

Used for "artificial tears" and contact lens solutions (Cellulose derivatives)

Answer 85

Methylcellulose

Question 86

Cologel (Cellulose derivatives)

Answer 86

Methylcellulose

Question 87

Hydrolose (Cellulose derivatives)

Answer 87

Methylcellulose

Question 88

An ethyl ether of cellulose; used as a tablet binder and film coating (Cellulose derivatives)

Answer 88

Ethylcellulose

Question 89

A hydroxyl ethyl ether of cellulose; used as a thickening agent and ingredient in artificial tears (Cellulose derivatives)

Answer 89

Hydroxyethylcellulose

Question 90

A hydroxypropyl ether of cellulose (Cellulose derivatives)

Answer 90

Hydroxypropylcellulose

Question 91

Neo-tears (Cellulose derivatives)

Answer 91

Hydroxypropylcellulose

Question 92

Used as a suspending and thickening agent, for ophthalmic solutions, and as topical protectant (Cellulose derivatives)

Answer 92

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Question 93

Tears Naturale (Cellulose derivatives)

Answer 93

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Question 94

Ultra Tears (Cellulose derivatives)

Answer 94

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Question 95

Isopto (Cellulose derivatives)

Answer 95

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Question 96

Is a product obtained by the action of a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids on cotton; used in the preparation of collodion and flexible collodions, and as a topical protectant (Cellulose derivatives)

Answer 96

Pyroxylin or soluble guncotton

Question 97

Used as an acid-resistant enteric coating for tablets and capsules (Cellulose derivatives)

Answer 97

Cellulose acetate phthalate