PRELIM 01 - Carbohydrates and Related Compounds

Question 1

Are hydrates of carbon; can be in the form of polyhydroxyaldehyde or polyhydroxyketone

Answer 1

Carbohydrates

Question 2

General formula of carbohydrates

Answer 2

Cn(H2O)n

Question 3

Cannot be hydrolyzed into simple sugars (Types of carbohydrates)

Answer 3

Monosaccharides

Question 4

Has 2-10 sugar units (Types of carbohydrates)

Answer 4

Oligosaccharides

Question 5

Has >10 sugar units (Types of carbohydrates)

Answer 5

Polysaccharides

Question 6

2 types of monosaccharides according to functional group (AK)

Answer 6

Aldose, Ketose

Question 7

Includes glucose and galactose (Types of monosaccharides; functional group)

Answer 7

Aldose

Question 8

Includes fructose and erythrose (Types of monosaccharides; functional group)

Answer 8

Ketose

Question 9

Simplest monosaccharide; does not occur free in nature (Types of monosaccharides; number of carbons)

Answer 9

Diose (Hydroxyacetaldehyde)

Question 10

Includes glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone (Types of monosaccharides; number of carbons)

Answer 10

Triose

Question 11

Occurs commonly in nature, usually as products of hydrolysis of hemicelluloses, gums, and mucilage (Types of monosaccharides; number of carbons)

Answer 11

Pentose

Question 12

A pentose that is known as “wood sugar”; used as a diagnostic aid for intestinal malabsorption; is absorbed but not metabolized

Answer 12

Xylose

Question 13

The most important monosaccharide found in plants; includes glucose and fructose (Types of monosaccharides; number of carbons)

Answer 13

Hexose

Question 14

The sweetest monosaccharide (Examples of hexose)

Answer 14

D-fructose (Levulose)

Question 15

Also known as dextrose, grape sugar, and physiologic sugar (Examples of hexose)

Answer 15

D-glucose

Question 16

Is an aldohexose that generally forms a 6-membered pyranose (Examples of hexose)

Answer 16

Glucose

Question 17

Is a ketohexose that is a food for diabetics (Examples of hexose)

Answer 17

Fructose

Question 18

2 cyclic forms of fructose (FF)

Answer 18

Fructofuranose, Fructopyranose

Question 19

A fructose that is present in oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (Cyclic forms of fructose)

Answer 19

Fructofuranose

Question 20

A fructose that has the structure of crystalline sugar (Cyclic forms of fructose)

Answer 20

Fructopyranose

Question 21

A nonreducing sugar; upon hydrolysis, it yields invert sugar; also known as α-D-glucopyranosyl-3-D-fructofuranoside (Examples of disaccharides)

Answer 21

Sucrose

Question 22

Upon hydrolysis, sucrose yields __________, which consists of equimolecular quantities of glucose and fructose

Answer 22

Invert sugar

Question 23

Produced in large quantities by the hydrolysis of starch; an example of reducing sugar (Examples of dissacharides)

Answer 23

Maltose

Question 24

Upon hydrolysis, maltose yields ____________ molecules of glucose through diastatic fermentation

Answer 24

2

Question 25

Widely distributed in fungi; is an example of non-reducing sugar (Examples of dissacharides)

Answer 25

Trehalose

Question 26

Also known as "milk sugar"; is an example of reducing sugar (Examples of disaccharides)

Answer 26

Lactose

Question 27

General test for carbohydrates (Tests for carbohydrates)

Answer 27

Molisch's test

Question 28

Test for pentoses (Tests for carbohydrates)

Answer 28

Bial's test

Question 29

Test for ketoses (Tests for carbohydrates)

Answer 29

Seliwanoff's test

Question 30

Test for reducing monosaccharides vs. reducing disaccharides (Tests for carbohydrates)

Answer 30

Barfoed's test

Question 31

Test for starch (Tests for carbohydrates)

Answer 31

Iodine test

Question 32

2 tests for reducing sugars (Tests for carbohydrates) (FB)

Answer 32

Fehling's test, Benedict's test

Question 33

Test for galactose (Tests for carbohydrates)

Answer 33

Mucic acid test

Question 34

Molisch's test (Positive result)

Answer 34

Purple ring

Question 35

Bial's test (Positive result)

Answer 35

Bluish color

Question 36

Seliwanoff's test (Positive result)

Answer 36

Red product

Question 37

Barfoed's test (Positive result)

Answer 37

Dark red ppt

Question 38

Iodine test (Positive result)

Answer 38

Blue-black complex

Question 39

Fehling's test and Benedict's test (Positive result)

Answer 39

Red ppt

Question 40

Mucic acid test (Positive result)

Answer 40

Formation of colorless crystals

Question 41

In Molisch's test, monosaccharides react at a faster rate, about __________ to __________ seconds

Answer 41

1-3

Question 42

In Molisch's test disaccharides and polysaccharides react at a slower rate, about more than __________ seconds

Answer 42

5

Question 43

Reagent for Fehling's test composed of copper sulfate sodium

Answer 43

Fehling A

Question 44

Reagent for Fehling's test composed of Rochelle salt (Sodium potassium tartrate); most commonly used

Answer 44

Fehling B