midterm drugs, NT's, and receptors

Question 1

Pargyline

Answer 1

MAO inhibitor

Question 2

Cocaine

Answer 2

NE reuptake inhibitor

potentiates sympathetic respone

Question 3

Imipramine

Answer 3

NE reuptake inhibitor

tricyclic antidepressant

potentiates sympathetic respone

Question 4

Tyramine

Answer 4

reverses axoplasmic pumps

more NE in synapse

Question 5

amphetamine

Answer 5

reverses axoplasmic pumps

more NE in synapse

Question 6

ephedrine

Answer 6

reverses axoplasmic pumps

more NE in synapse

Question 7

Reserpine

Answer 7

blocks vesicular accumulation of NE

decreases available NE

Question 8

guanethidine/guanadrel

Answer 8

releases NE from vesicles

depletes NE

Question 9

epinephrine MOA (receptors):

Answer 9

agonist of a1, a2, B1, B2

B > a, but alpha effects predominate at high doses

Question 10

Isoproterenol

Answer 10

activates B1, B2

Question 11

Phenylephrine

Answer 11

activates a1

Question 12

Dobutamine

Answer 12

activates B1

Question 13

Albuterol

Answer 13

activates B2

bronchial SM relaxation (acute exacerbation)

Question 14

metaproterenol

Answer 14

activates B2

bronchial SM relaxation

Question 15

ritodrine

Answer 15

B2 agonist

delays labor

Question 16

terbutaline

Answer 16

B2 agonist

delay labor

Question 17

salmeterol

Answer 17

B2 agonist

long acting asthma prophylaxis

Question 18

B2 receptors have higher affinity for Epi or NE?

Answer 18

Epi

B1 is about equal

Question 19

Binds to penicillin binding proteins and inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis. Broad spectrum for Gram negative organisms.

Answer 19

Ceftriaxone

Question 20

Forms H-bonds with D-ala-D-alanine and prevents the incorporation of NAM/NAG-peptide subunits into peptidoglycan matrix. Broad spectrum for Gram positive organisms.

Answer 20

Vancomycin

Question 21

Beta- lactam ring binds to DD-transpeptidase inhibiting cross-linking for remodeling of peptidoglycan. Inhibits transpeptidase. Narrow spectrum of Gram positive, aerobic organisms.

Answer 21

Penicillin G

Question 22

Converts plasminogen to plasmin –> degrades clots

Answer 22

tPA (alteplase)

Question 23

Inhibits COX1/TXA2 –> inhibiting platelet aggregation

Answer 23

aspirin

Question 24

Binds to opioid receptors in the CNS, causing inhibition of ascending pain pathways, altering the perception of and response to pain; produces generalized CNS depression.

Answer 24

morphine

Question 25

forms free radical nitric oxide. In smooth muscle, activates guanylate cyclase which increases guanosine 3’5’ monophosphate (cGMP) leading to dephosphorylation of myosin light chains and smooth muscle relaxation. vasodilator effect on the peripheral veins and arteries with more prominent effects*** on the veins.

Answer 25

NTG

Question 26

competitive inhibitor of glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa preventing the binding of fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor (vWF), and other adhesive ligands to the GP IIb/IIIa receptor on activated platelets. ***works when ASA will not

Answer 26

Eptifibatide

Question 27

inhibition of histamine at H2-receptors of the gastric parietal cells

Answer 27

ranitidine

Question 28

Blocks ADP receptors on platelets → inhibits platelet activation

Answer 28

clopidogrel

Question 29

↑ Activity of antithrombin III → inhibits thrombin (and others in coagulation cascade)→ blocks conversion of fibrinogen → fibrin = no clot ☺

Answer 29

heparin

Question 30

Inhibit cholesterol synthesis. | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.

Answer 30

statins

Question 31

Suppresses RAAS system by inhibiting conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II. Net effects: • Decreased Aldosterone release → Decreased Na reabsorption in kidney → decreased blood volume and preload

Answer 31

ACE inhibitors names end in "pril"

Question 32

specifically blocks Beta1 receptors • Main activity on heart → decrease heart rate and contractility thus decreasing myocardial oxygen demand • Decreases BP

Answer 32

metoprolol ***not in acute CHF....need to get fluid off first

Question 33

non-specific (blocks Beta 1 and 2)

Answer 33

propanolol

Question 34

Same mechanism as nitroglycerine ***longer half life

Answer 34

isosorbide dinitrate

Question 35

Increases NO synthesis in endothelium. Higher selectivity for arterioles--> decreased afterload

Answer 35

hydralazine

Question 36

Inhibits NKCC2 (the luminal symporter in thick ascending limb of loop of Henle) → ↓ reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- → Increased Na+ & water excretion → ↓Blood Volume →↓Preload

Answer 36

furosemide

Question 37

Blocks aldosterone action. Net effects: | • Decreases Na reabsorption in kidney → decreases blood volume and preload

Answer 37

spironolactone eplerenone

Question 38

Inhibits Na/K ATPase: • Increased Na intracellular concentration • Increased Na/Ca co-transporter activity • Increased intracellular Ca++ • INCREASED CONTRACTILIY (positive ionotrope) ALSO – prolongs nodal action potentials thus DECREASING HEART RATE

Answer 38

digoxin ***high toxicity--used in refractory acute CHF

Question 39

AMINO-Beta-Lactam: Binds P.B.P. and blocks transpeptidation of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls.

Answer 39

amoxixillin

Question 40

beta-lactamase inhibitor

Answer 40

clavulanate add to amoxiccilin

Question 41

contraindication for tPA?

Answer 41

endocarditis

Question 42

purpose of B-blockers in MI tx?

Answer 42

reduce ischemia (decreases myocardial oxygen demand)