MMB (033) Practical of Bone

Question 1

• The shaft of a bone is known as the

A. epiphysis

B. metaphysis

C. periosteum

D. diaphysis

Answer 1

Question 2

• The end of a long bone is referred to as the

A. epiphysis

B. metaphysis

C. diaphysis

D. periosteum

Answer 2

Question 3

• The epiphyseal plate is located in the

A. diaphysis

B. spongy bone zone

C. mid-bone as in the middle of the clavicle

D. metaphysis

Answer 3

Question 4

• The growth zone of a long bone is referred to as the

A. osteon

B. epiphyseal plate

C. articular surface

D. diaphysis

Answer 4

Question 5

• Once an endochondral bone has completed its ossification, the bone now has ……… where the old epiphyseal plate existed

A. a medullary cavity

B. a line of cartilage

C. foramina

D. an epiphyseal line

Answer 5

Question 6

• The connective tissue which surrounds a long bone is referred to as the

A. endosteum

B. marrow

C. growth plate

D. periosteum

Answer 6

D. periosteum

Question 7

• The surface of the medullary cavity of long bones is lined with a connective tissue membrane called

A. periosteum

B. epiphyseal plates

C. endosteum

D. perichondrium

E. lamellae

Answer 7

Question 8

• Since bone is a connective tissue, it has all the necessary features of a connective tissue including a matrix. What makes up the matrix of a bone?

A. collagen, elastic fibers, and other proteins

B. osteoblasts and osteoclasts

C. collagen, proteins and hydroxyapatite

D. sodium, calcium, phosphorus, elastic fibers and some adipose tissue

Answer 8

C. collagen, proteins and hydroxyapatite

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

• Bone cells that synthesize new bone are known as:

A. Osteoblasts

B. Osteoclasts

C. chondroblasts

D. chondrocytes

Answer 10

A. Osteoblasts

Question 11

• Which of the following best describes the role of a lacuna in a bone?

A. a cavity within a bone to house an osteocyte

B. an indentation within a bone that houses an osteoclast

C. a space within the bone for marrow development

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

• ………….. are stem cells that have the ability to become osteoblasts or chondroblasts

A. osteocytes

B. osteoclasts

C. osteoprogenitor cells

D. osteons

E. chondrocytes

Answer 13

C. osteoprogenitor cells

Question 14

• Regarding bone cell development, which of the following sequences is correct?

A. osteoblasts → osteoclasts → osteocyte

B. osteoprogenitor cells → osteoclasts → osteocytes

C. osteoprogenitor cells → osteocyte → osteoclast

D. osteoprogenitor → osteoblasts → osteocyte

Answer 14

D. osteoprogenitor → osteoblasts → osteocyte

Question 15

• When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and removes the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following removes the damaged bone?

A. osteoclasts

B. osteoblasts

C. osteons

D. matrix cells

Answer 15

Question 16

• Osteoclasts are active cells that tear down bone. They do this by secreting an enzyme that dissolves the collagen in the bone matrix. Which of the following is that enzyme?

A. hydroxyapatase

B. Cathepsin K

C. stromelysin

Answer 16

B. Cathepsin K

Question 17

• Hydrogen ions are pumped across the ruffled border, producing an acid environment. This describes the activity of

A. osteoblasts

B. osteocytes

C. osteoclasts

Answer 17

C. osteoclasts

Question 18

Answer 18

Question 19

• Woven bone is formed during which of the following situations?

A. puberty

B. fetal development and after fractures

C. the first few months following birth

D. periods of bone decalcification in old age

Answer 19

B. fetal development and after fractures

Question 20

• Which of the following best describes lamellar bone?

A. It arises out of cartilage

B. It arises out of collagen and elastic fibers

C. It replaces worn out and fractured bone

D. It is mature and forms slowly

Answer 20

D. It is mature and forms slowly

Question 21

• An osteon (Haversian system) can best be described as:

A. a Haversian canal and its lamellae

B. a growth of new bone

C. layers of bone in a fontanel

D. a bone that has demineralized

Answer 21

Question 22

• In compact bone, the Haversian canals can travel the length of the bone. What are the connectors from one Haversian canal to another?

A. Volkmann’s canals

B. Haversian II canals

C. semicircular canals

D. blood canals

Answer 22

Question 23

• What passes through the center of a Haversian canal?

A. Water

B. blood and nerves

C. Osteocytes

D. chondrocytes

Answer 23

B. blood and nerves

Question 24

• Osteocytes must have the ability to receive nutrients from the blood and an ability to return wastes to the blood. Connectors between the osteocytes and the blood vessels are known as

A. Volkmann’s canals

B. central canals

C. perforating canals

D. canaliculi

Answer 24

Question 25

Answer 25

Question 26

• What type of bone tissue surrounds a medullary cavity? A. compact bone B. spongy bone

Answer 26

Question 27

• Cancellous bone A. has no osteocytes B. is located in the diaphyses of long bones C. is composed of delicate interconnecting rods or plates called trabeculae D. does not contain marrow E. forms the outer surface of most bones other than long bones

Answer 27

C. is composed of delicate interconnecting rods or plates called trabeculae

Question 28

Answer 28

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

• Which of these structures is found in compact bone, but not in cancellous bone? A. osteoclasts B. canaliculi C. lamellae D. central (haversian) canals E. osteocytes

Answer 30

D. central (haversian) canals

Question 31

• Which of the following is the most accurate definition of "bone remodeling"? A. bone that develops during fetal development and stays with us for life B. removal of old bone by osteoclasts and making of new bone by osteoblasts C. the construction of bone around blood vessels for a Haversian canal D. the laying out of new bone in a fracture site

Answer 31

B. removal of old bone by osteoclasts and making of new bone by osteoblasts

Question 32

• In the process of bone remodeling, old bone is removed by A. osteocytes B. osteoblasts C. osteoclasts D. remodeling osteoprogenitor cells

Answer 32

C. osteoclasts

Question 33

Answer 33

osteoclasts

Question 34

• One of the functions of bone is "electrolyte balance." Which of the following best represents this role? A. bones exchange all types of electrolytes with blood and cartilage B. bones store calcium and phosphorus and release them into the blood as needed C. bones take up and store electrolytes but seldom release them D. bones are storage places for electrolytes, iron, proteins, and fats

Answer 34

B. bones store calcium and phosphorus and release them into the blood as needed

Question 35

Answer 35

Question 36

• which of the following bone diseases is characterized by loss of bone density and bone mass? A. osteoporosis B. Paget's disease C. osteomyelitis D. osteosarcoma

Answer 36

A. osteoporosis

Question 37

• Based on ethnic and age characteristics, in which population subgroup, , does osteoporosis most often occur? A. older men of all races B. older white women C. older black women D. teenage males and females

Answer 37

B. older white women

Question 38

• What is the most common consequence of osteoporosis? A. fractures B. bone thickening C. luxations and subluxations D. fusion of bones

Answer 38

A. fractures

Question 39

Answer 39

Question 40

Answer 40

Question 41