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MMB > Surgical anatomy of the upper limb > Flashcards

Surgical anatomy of the upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

A common cause of Clavicle fractures ?

A

Fall on outstretched hand

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2
Q

Intervention to Clavicle fractures ?

A
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3
Q

Describe passage of Radial n. Around humerus

A

Passes from posteriomedial to antrolateral in the spiral groove

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4
Q

Nerve at highest risk of injury ,, in humeral fractures ?

A

Radial nerve

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5
Q

Part of humerus with highest risk of injuring the radial nerve ?

A

• Distal 1/3 spiral fracture

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6
Q

Motor complications associated with radial nerve injury ?

A

• Wrist and finger drop

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7
Q

Conservative treatment of Humerus fractures ?

A

• U shaped Slab

• Hanging cast

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8
Q

When is Surgical treatment needed for humeral fractures ?

A

• Open

• Vascular injury

• Nerve injury

• Multiple fractures

• Non-union

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9
Q

Commonest Distal Radiul Fractures ?

A
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10
Q

Common complications of Distal Radiul Fractures ?

A

Deformity and fracture haematoma can result in compression of the Median nerve

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11
Q

Cause of Scaphoid fracture ?

A

• Fall on outstretched hand

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12
Q

…. Is a wrist bone with Retrograde blood supply

A

The Scaphoid

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13
Q

Figure shows three types of scaphoid fractures ,, mention eacg one of them

A
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14
Q

Scaphoid fracture with best prognosis ?

A
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15
Q

Scaphoid fracture with worst prognosis ?

A
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16
Q

Point to the lesion and give general diagnosis

A

Acromio-Clavicular dislocation

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17
Q

The Acromio-Clavicular joint is stabilized by :

A

-AC ligamnet
And

-CC ligamnet (Conoid & Trapezoid))

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18
Q

Why is the humerus shifted medially in shoulder dislocation ?

A

Due to action of subscapularis muscle

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19
Q

Complications of Shoulder dislocation ?

A

• Axillary n injury

• Labrum injury (Bankart lesion)

• Bone injury (Hill-Sachs lesion)

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20
Q

Sensory affection associated with axillary nerve injury ?

A
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21
Q

Motor affection associated with axillary nerve injury ?

A
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22
Q

What’s Bankart lesion ?

A

Labrum injury often associated with Shoulder dislocation

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23
Q

Hill-Sachs lesion ?

A

injury of the glenoid bone due to shoulder dislocation

24
Q

Rotator cuff muscles ?

A

-Subscapularis

  • Supraspinatoues
  • infraspinatoues

-Teres minor

25
Q

Common Rotator Cuff disorders ?

A

-Shoulder impingement

-Rotator cuff tear

26
Q

What’s Shoulder impingement ?

A

Compression of the rotator cuff tendons in the tight subacromial space

27
Q

Predisposing factor to Shoulder impingement ?

A
28
Q

Causes of Rotator cuff tear ?

A

Can result from acute injury or chronic impingement

29
Q

Functional deficit : of Rotator cuff tear depends on…..

A

the muscle involved

30
Q

Complications of Supraspinatus tendon tear ?

A

inability to initiate abduction

31
Q

Complications of Infraspinatus tendon tear ?

A

Weak lateral rotation

32
Q

Complications of Teres Minor tendon tear ?

A

Weak lateral rotation

33
Q

Complications of Subscapularis tendon tear ?

A

Weak medial rotation

34
Q

What’s a ganglion cyst ?

A

a mucous-filled synovial cyst caused by either:

– trauma

– mucoid degeneration

– synovial herniation

35
Q

Where does ganglion cysts arise ?

A

Arises from a joint or tendon sheath

36
Q

The word volar means ?

A

Related to palm of hand

37
Q
A
38
Q

What’s a Mallet finger ?

A

• Rupture or avulsion of distal tendon insertion

39
Q

Describe Boutonniere deformity

A

Finger is flexed at the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) and hyperextended at the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)

40
Q

The Carpal tunnel contains …..(no-) tendons

A

9 tendons

41
Q

Name the condition and mention it’s cause

A

Thenar weakness or atrophy ; a complication of Carpal tunnel syndrome

42
Q

Felt affection associated with medial nerve injury at wrist ?

A

Numbness and tingling in radial 3 ½ digits

43
Q

Cubital tunnel syndrome ?

A

Ulnar nerve entrapment neuropathy

44
Q

Usual cause of Ulnar nerve entrapment , in cubital tunnel syndrome ?

A

Usually chronic entrapment between the 2 heads of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU)

45
Q

Felt affection of Cubital tunnel syndrome ?

A

Numbness in ulnar 1 ½ fingers

46
Q

Atrophic affection associated with Cubital tunnel syndrome ?

A

Interosseous and first web space atrophy

47
Q

Motor affection associated with Cubital tunnel syndrome

A

• Ring and small finger clawing

48
Q

Guyon’s canal ?

A

Guyon canal serves as a protection for the ulnar nerve and ulnar artery as they traverse from the distal wrist into the hand. It is formed by the following structures: The volar portion/roof of the canal is created by the volar carpal ligament (also known as the palmar carpal ligament)

49
Q

Explain the Ulnar Paradox

A

Less clawing of the fingers is seen in high ulnar nerve lesions than a low lesion, because FDP (Flexor Digitorum Profundus ) is involved in high lesions, thus relaxing the interphalangeal joints.

50
Q

What is Felon ?

A

Pulp space infection

51
Q

Fibrous septae extends from…. To….

A

from periosteom to skin

52
Q

Common complication of Pulp space infection ?

A

Pressure on blood vessels can result in necrosis of diaphysis

53
Q

When felon disrupts the blood flow , diaphysis of phalanges can develop necrosis while Epiphesis is spared ; why ?

A

blood supply is proximal to the pulp space

54
Q

What’s Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis ?

A

Infection of the synovial sheath that surrounds the flexor tendon

55
Q

Diagnose the condition and define it

A

Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis ;

Infection of the synovial sheath that surrounds the flexor tendon

56
Q

Common causitive prganism of Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis ?

A

Staph Aureus

57
Q

Define the condition and mention how it presents

A

– flexed posture

– tenderness

– pain with passive extension

– fusiform swelling

MMB (72 decks)

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