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Hannah RAD III > Mobile Imaging PPT > Flashcards

Mobile Imaging PPT Flashcards

1
Q

What locations are mobile x‐ray

machines commonly used in?

A 
Nursing Home
ED
PACU
Post surgery
ICU
Neonatal Units
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2
Q

Historical overview

A

• Military for treating battlefield injuries during
WW1
• Small portable units carried (“portable”) by
soldiers and set up in the field

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3
Q

Who invented the 1st portable machine?

the product infield of refrigerator

A

Frederick Jones

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4
Q

Who got a Noble Prize-winning physicist & put money to portable machines into WW I ambulances?

A

Marie Curie

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5
Q

***What are the ranges for kVp on a mobile x-ray machine?

A

40 to 130 kVp

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6
Q

***What are the ranges for mAs on a mobile x-ray machine?

A

0.04 to 320 mAs

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7
Q

What is the total unit of power for a mobile x-ray machine?

A

Between 15 and 25 kW

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8
Q

What is an MOBILE X-RAY MACHINE?

A

•Preset anatomic programming with exposure
techniques based on selected exam
•Direct digital capability
•Flat panel detector

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9
Q

What are the two classifications of mobile x-ray machines?

A

Battery operated units

Capacitor discharge units

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10
Q

What is Battery operated units?

A
  • 2 sets of batteries
  • 10 to 16 12 volt batteries connected in a series
  • One controls x‐ray power output
  • Provides power for self‐propelling driving ability
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11
Q

Average walking speed

Battery operated units

A

2.5 to 3 mph

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12
Q

Maximum incline of Battery operated units is

A

7 degrees

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13
Q

***Battery operated units when fully charged

A

10 to 15 exposures
10 miles on level ground
8 hours charging time

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14
Q

Driving mechanism of Battery operated units

A
  • Forward/reverse
  • Deadman brake
  • Machine instantly stops when handle is released
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15
Q

***Advantages of Battery operated units

A
  • Cordless

* Constant kVp and mAs

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16
Q

What is CAPACITOR-DISCHARGE

UNITS?

A

•Do not operate on batteries
•Capacitor stores electrical energy & charges
briefly before each exposure
•Capacitor builds up a charge when the exposure
button is pushed; when the pre‐selected charge
is reached, capacitor sends charge to x‐ray tube

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17
Q

***What are the advantages of the capacitor-discharge unit?

A
  • Smaller size
  • Easy to move
  • Lighter in weight
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18
Q

What are the disadvantage of the capacitor-discharge unit?

A

• kVp drops constantly during exposure
• kVp may start @ 100 and drop to 80 kVp by end of
exposure

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19
Q

***What are the three important technical factors for mobile imaging?

A

Grid
Anode heel effect
SID

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20
Q

***Grid must be

A

Level
Centered to CR
Correctly used @ recommended focal distance

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21
Q

The incorrect use of a grid can result in loss of density across all or part of an image. Grid cut-off can result from 4 factors:

A
  1. off-center grid
  2. off-level grid
  3. off-focus grid
  4. upside-down grid
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22
Q

***If a longitudinal grid tilts transversely such as when placing under a patient on a mattress, the CR forms an angle across the long axis of the grid resulting in:

A

“Grid cutoff” results or

A lost of image density

23
Q

If a longitudinal grid Tilts longitudinally, CR is angled but through long axis resulting in

A

Image is distorted

NO grid cutoff

24
Q

***Grid cutoff results if

A

CR is directed transversely off from midline of

grid by more than 1 to 1 ½”

25
The more CR is off centered
The greater the grid cutoff.
26
***What is Grid cutoff?
Decreases density on image
27
***What is the ratio range for most focus type grids?
6:1 or 8:1
28
What is the focal range for most focus type grids?
36 to 44” focal range
29
Recommended focal range
• Varies with grid ratio •Projections taken@ distances greater or less than recommended distance produces cutoff • Reduced image density @ lateral margins
30
***What is the grid ratio for portable grid?
6:1 or 8:1
31
What is the grid ratio for bucky grid?
12:1
32
***What is the concept of the anode heel effect?
The intensity of radiation from the cathode end is greater than at the anode end.
33
***The heel effect causes
a decrease in image density @ anode end due to the greater absorption of x-rays.
34
A thicker body part @ ................end | A thinner part @ ............. end.
Cathode | Anode
35
***The heel effect More defined as
* Short SID * Large field size * Small anode angle
36
***Mobile radiography produces some of the ................. occupational radiation exposures for radiographers.
Highest
37
***Recommended minimal distance from mobile unit when making exposure is
6 feet | or length of the cord.
38
***The single most effective means of radiation protection is
Distance
39
***According to the Federal Safety Regulation, SSD or source-to-skin distance cannot be less than
12 inches
40
Maintained @ ................... for most mobile exams
40 inches
41
Longer SIDs require .................................... to | compensate for additional distance
increased mAs
42
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS for mobile are
* Technique chart * Calipers * Radiation safety
43
***Stand @ a .................... to primary beam – least | amount of scatter radiation
right angle
44
CHEST – AP PROJECTION
• Internally rotate arms TO move Scapular away • Ensure no rotation of upper torso • Midsagittal plane centered to IR • Top of IR 2” above relaxed shoulders •CR perpendicular to IR and 3” below jugular notch @ level of T7
45
AP or PA CHEST PROJECTION (LATERAL DECUBITUS)
* Lateral recumbent * Place support under patient to elevate 2‐3” * Coronal plane is vertical * IR is placed 2” above shoulders * CR is horizontal & perpendicular entering 3” below jugular notch
46
AP PROJECTION - ABDOMEN
* Position IR to include pubic symphysis to upper abdomen region * Center MSP to midline of IR * Center IR to level of iliac crest * CR perpendicular along MSP @ level of iliac crest or 10th rib laterally
47
***AP or PA PROJECTION – Abdomen Left | Lateral Decubitus Position
• True Left lateral recumbent position with coronal plane vertical • IR is centered 2” above iliac crest to include diaphragm • Before exposure, patient has been in lateral recumbent position for @ least 5 minutes • Air to rise/Fluid to settle •CR horizontal & perpendicular to center of IR along MSP
48
AP PROJECTION - PELVIS
• 14 x 17 crosswise • Position IR under pelvis with center midway between ASIS & pubicsymphysis (2” inferior to ASIS & 2” superior to pubic symphysis) •Center MSP to midline of IR •Rotate patient’s legs medially 15 degrees •Respiration: Suspend •CR perpendicular to MSP entering 2” abovepubic symphysis & 2”below ASIS
49
AP PROJECTION – FEMUR (Distal)
• 14 x 17 lengthwise • Place distal edge of IR low enough to include fx site, pathologicregion & knee joint • Elevate IR if necessary to ensure proper alignment with tube – IR parallel to femoral condyles •Respiration: Suspend •CR perpendicular to long axis of femur ¢ered to grid • Structure: distal 2/3 of femur including knee jt
50
AP PROJECTION – FEMUR | Proximal
* 14 x 17 lengthwise * Place under proximal femur & hip * Top of IR @ ASIS to include hip jt * CR is directed to center of IR and long axis of femur
51
LATERAL PROJECTION - FEMUR
• 14 x 17 lengthwise • Include distal knee joint • Elevate unaffected leg until femur is almost vertical •CR perpendicular to long axis of femur entering @ midpoint •Demonstrates distal 2/3 of femur • Digital • Measure through thickest part of femur to select appropriate kVp • Position cathode over proximal femur to improve CR image
52
LATERAL – C-SPINE (Right or left | dorsal decubitus position)
• 10 x 12 lengthwise • Top of IR 1” above EAM to center IR @ C4 ( upper thyroid cartilage) • Raise chin slightly (contraindicated – fx) • Relax shoulders •Respiration: Full expiration • Depresses shoulders • SID of 60 to 72” •CR horizontal and perpendicular @ level of C4 • Ensure proper alignment of CR & IR to prevent grid cutoff •Must include C7
53
AP PROJECTION – CHEST & | ABDOMEN - Neonate
Florida Hospital protocol does not include chest/abdomen as 1 view

Hannah RAD III (25 decks)

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