Module 1: Anatomical Terminology Flashcards
Define anatomy
Study of the structure of the body
Define physiology
Study of the function of the body
What are the three main groups of anatomy?
Developmental, gross, microscopic
What is developmental anatomy?
Changes throughout lifespan
What is microscopic anatomy?
Too small to be seen
What is gross anatomy?
Visible to the naked eye.
what are the three approaches of gross anatomy? which approach will we be learning in this course?
regional, systemic and surface. we will use a systemic approach
does function reflect structure?
yes
what is the principle of complementarity?
what a structure can do depends on its specific form
eg. muscle from anterior arm crossing anterior elbow will flex the elbow
What are the levels of structural organization?
Chemical level —> cellular level —> tissue level —> organ level —> organ system level —> organismal level
What is the chemical level of structural organization?
Atoms combine to form molecules. Molecules form together to make a cell.
What is the chemical level of structural organization?
Atoms combine to form molecules. Molecules form together to make a cell.
What is the SMALLEST LIVING thing?
a cell. Anything smaller, like an atom or molecule, is NOT LIVING
Can a cell do anything a living human can do?
Yes
What is the tissue level of structural organization?
A tissue is a bunch of cells together. In each tissue, the cells have a common function.
Are organs made up of different types of tissues?
Yes, usually 3 or 4. Good example is a blood vessel, has smooth muscle tissue in the middle, epithelial tissue on inside, and connective tissue on the outside. Different tissues work together
In the organ system level of structural organization, what does it consist of?
Many different organs that work together. Ex, blood vessels works with heart in the cardiovascular system (the organ system) to pump blood in the body
In the organismal level of structural organization, what does it consist of?
Many organ systems
What is the axial skeleton?
Cranium, vertebrae, ribs
- head, neck, and trunk
What is the appendicular skeleton?
Arms, shoulder, legs and pelvis
- upper and lower limbs
What is the anatomical position?
The standard position to describe all the anatomical structures in the body. Needed to describe deviated positions.
- erect position
- palms, feet, eyes face forward (make sure thumbs are outward)
- arms at side
- feet shoulder width apart facing forward
What is the median, or mid-sagittal plane?
Divides from left to right equally
What is the sagittal plane?
Any slice other than median or mid-sagittal plane that will divide body from left and right. Not equal
What is the frontal/coronal plane?
Divides the body from front and back equally
