Urinary System Part 1 - Overview Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the urinary system?

A

the filter and purify the blood and whatever comes out of the blood that the body does not need anymore, leaves the body as urine

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2
Q

where does all the filtration of the urinary system happen?

A

in the kidneys

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3
Q

where are the kidneys located?

A

very posterior in the abdomen

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4
Q

which kidney sits lower than the other? why?

A

the right. because the big liver sits above it

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5
Q

which kidney has more protection? why?

A

the left has more protection because it is higher up so it has more rib coverage

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6
Q

in addition to some of the protecting the kidneys, what else protects them?

A

they are encased in protective fibrous capsules each. as well as, they are surrounded by fat

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7
Q

what type of fat covers the kidneys?

A

peri renal fat

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8
Q

what does renal mean?

A

kidney

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9
Q

what type of arteries and veins are going into and out of each kidney?

A

renal arteries and veins

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10
Q

renal arteries are branches of?

A

the abdominal aorta

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11
Q

renal veins drain directly into?

A

the inferior vena cava

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12
Q

once urine is formed in the kidney, the urine leaves through?

A

tubes called ureters

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13
Q

where does the ureters travel to?

A

the urinary bladder

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14
Q

what is the urinary bladder?

A

a storage facility for urine

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15
Q

what happens when our urinary bladder is full?

A

it travels through the urethra and out

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16
Q

what sits on top of each kidney?

A

the adrenal gland/suprarenal gland (means above kidney)

17
Q

what type of glands are the adrenal glands?

A

endocrine glands; they produce hormones and release them directly into the bloodstream

18
Q

the hormones that the adrenal glands release are going to control things where?

A

all over the body not just around the kidneys

19
Q

what is the area on the medial side of the kidney that has the renal arteries, veins and ureter entering and exiting called?

20
Q

where is the renal sinus?

A

area inside the kidney thats around the area where things enter and exit

21
Q

where is blood filtration occuring?

A

in the kidney functional area

22
Q

once the kidney is done with filtration of the blood, the stuff that it pulled out is going to become?

23
Q

each renal pyramid (apart of the functional area) drains into?

A

an opening called a minor calyx

24
Q

what does the minor calyx join to make?

A

major calyx

25
how many minor calyx's are there in a single kidney?
8-15
26
what many major calyx's are there in a single kidney?
2-3
27
what does the major calyx's join to form?
the renal pelvis
28
what is a continuation of the renal pelvis?
the ureter
29
where does the ureter leave?
hilum of the kidney and heads towards the urinary bladder
30
where are the ureters coming into the bladder from?
posteriorly
31
what type of muscle is the urinary bladder?
a smooth muscle container with very elastic walls so that it can expand as it fills with urine to a point before it empties
32
the smooth muscle in the walls of the urinary bladder is called?
detrusor muscle
33
what does the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder do?
contracts to push the urine out into the urethra
34
what are our points of control in our urethra?
- internal urethral sphincter (involuntary/smooth muscle) - external urethral sphincter (voluntary/skeletal muscle)
35
where is the internal urethral sphincter?
at the top of the urethra - so it will just open when the bladder is full because it is involuntary
36
what allows us to hold our urine in if we are not ready to go yet?
external urethral sphincter
37
which sex has a shorter urethra? why?
females - because in a male it has to travel all the way through the penis
38
why is it important to note that a female has a shorter urethra?
because it allows the female urethra to be a little more susceptible to bacteria and other types of infections like UTIs - because the female has a shorter urethra, that means that there is a shorter distance for bacteria and other types of infections to travel. to infect the bladder or higher up in the urethra which is why it is more common in females than males
39