Module 1 Assessment Flashcards by Jullana Bareng

TRUE OR FALSE
Cognitive Neuroscience is the study of the physiological basis of emotion.

FALSE

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TRUE OR FALSE
Simple action such as picking up a piece of paper involves brain activity that eventually creates perceptions and behavior.

False

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TRUE OR FALSE
People can complete two tasks at the same time if they are using different processes but makes it difficult if they are using the same processes in the brain.

True

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A technique in which trained participants describe their sensations, feelings and thought processes in response to stimuli.

A. Neuroscience
B. Analytic Introspection
C. Introspection
D. Reaction Time

B. Analytic Introspection

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The branch of Psychology concerned with the specific study of the mind.

A. Neurodiversity
B. Abnormal Psychology
C. Structuralism
D. Cognitive Psychology

D. Cognitive Psychology

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A neurological condition that makes it difficult or impossible to make certain movements even if the muscles are normal.

Agnosia
Aphasia
Apraxia

Apraxia

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According to Broadbent Filter Model, the messages captured by sensory memory will be…

Filtered
Pass on to Memory
Detected

Filtered

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Function on decision-making, problem-solving, consciousness and emotion.

Temporal Lobe
Basal Ganglia
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe

Frontal Lobe

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Responsible for learning memory, hearing, language.

Occipital Lobe
Frontal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Parietal Lobe

Temporal Lobe

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Noninvasive, poses little health risk and can be used on infants and in utero, providing a consistent model of imaging across the development spectrum. One disadvantage is that the patient has to hold still for long periods of time in a noisy, cramped space while the imaging is performed.

EEG
MRI
fMRI
PET

MRI

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Jen briefly hears music as she gets out of the car, but could not recall the sound after she enters the school gate.

Echoic Memory
Iconic Memory
Haptic Memory
Sensory Memory

Echoic Memory

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TRUE OR FALSE
Cognitive Neuropsychology emphasizes cognitive effects of brain injury or neurological illnesses with a view to inferring normal cognitive models.

True

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Used to show brain activity in certain psychological states, such as alertness or drowsiness. It is useful in the diagnosis of seizures and other medical problems that involve an overabundance or lack of activity in certain parts of the brain.

fMRI
MRI
EEG
PET

EEG

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Refers to the idea that neurological differences reflect normal variations in brain development.

Structuralism
Abnormal Psychology
Neurodiversity
Cognitive Psychology

Neurodiversity

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TRUE OR FALSE
STM and WM are the same.

False

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The first step in processing an image of an object.

Preattentive Stage
Feature Search
Conjunction Search
Focused Attention Stage

Preattentive Stage

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The average capacity of STM is about ____ items.

5-9
5-7
8-7
7-10

5-9

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Responsible for breathing, swallowing, heart rate and blood pressure.

Basal Ganglia
Hypothalamus
Brainstem
Thalamus

Brainstem

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Occurs because of incongruent trials where the names of the words cause a competing response and therefore slows responding to the target which is the color of the ink.

Divided Attention
Stroop Effect
Exogenous Cues
Endogenous Cues

Stroop Effect

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TRUE OR FALSE
Cognitive Revolution means the shift from the study of stimuli response relations to the study of mental processes.

True

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Most abundant neurotransmitter found in CNS. Supports cognitive functions such as memory formation and learning.

Glutamate
Epinephrine
Dopamine
Endorphins
GABA
Serotonin

Glutamate

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Mood regulator from the CNS that is linked with anxiety, depression and schizophrenia.

Glutamate
Epinephrine
Dopamine
Endorphins
GABA
Serotonin

GABA

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Released when doing pleasurable and rewarding activities.

Glutamate
Epinephrine
Dopamine
Endorphins
GABA
Serotonin

Dopamine

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Inhibits pain signals. Also links to love, laughter, sex and enticing food.

Glutamate
Epinephrine
Dopamine
Endorphins
GABA
Serotonin

Endorphins

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Helps regulate mood, depression, behavior, sleep and memory. Glutamate Epinephrine Dopamine Endorphins GABA Serotonin

Serotonin

Has an important role in autonomic control, sensory transduction, and communication with glial cells. Norepinephrine Serotonin Adenosine Triphosphate Acetylcholine Amino Acids Adenosine

Adenosine Triphosphate

Prevalent during fight or flight response, aiding alertness. Norepinephrine Serotonin Adenosine Triphosphate Acetylcholine Amino Acids Adenosine

Norepinephrine

Links with issues relating to memory and thinking such as Alzheimer's Disease. Norepinephrine Serotonin Adenosine Triphosphate Acetylcholine Amino Acids Adenosine

Acetylcholine

Suppressing arousal and improving sleep cycles. Norepinephrine Serotonin Adenosine Triphosphate Acetylcholine Amino Acids Adenosine

Adenosine

GABA and Glutamate are categorized as..? Norepinephrine Serotonin Adenosine Triphosphate Acetylcholine Amino Acids Adenosine

Amino Acids

A person is conditioned to expect a negative response or to anticipate negative effects from an experience. Attention Placebo Nocebo Perception

Nocebo

Prior probability is multiplied by the likelihood to determine the probability of the outcome. Direct Pathway Model Likelihood Principle Heimholtz Concept Bayesian Inference

Bayesian Inference

German physiologist and psychologist who founded the first laboratory of scientific psychology Ulrich Neisser Franciscus Donders Sigmund Freud Wilhelm Wundt

Wilhelm Wundt

The patient can perform mental tasks and the area of action can be detected through blood flow from one part of the brain to another by taking pictures of them seconds apart and showing where the brain "lights up". MRI EEG fMRI PET

fMRI

The following are necessary for efficient learning. Concentration and Precision Memorization and Focus Inspiration and Time Management Elaboration and Active Involvement

Elaboration and Active Involvement

It covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses. Myelin Sheath Dendrite Axon Soma

Myelin Sheath

Conducted the first cognitive psychology experiment. Franciscus Donders Ulrich Neisser Wilhelm Wundt Sigmund Frued

Franciscus Donders

**TRUE OR FALSE** Some series of numbers are easier to chunk than others.

**True**

The part of memory where any information is first registered. Iconic Memory Haptic Memory Echoic Memory Sensory Memory

Sensory Memory

The initial 200-500 milliseconds after an item is perceived is stored in the ... Haptic Memory Echoic Memory Sensory Memory Iconic Memory

Sensory Memory

We can only locate generalized areas of brain activity and not specific locations. MRI EEG PET fMRI

PET

**TRUE OR FALSE** Modern cognitive psychologists suggest that the principles of organization has been created by experience.

**True**

Which of the following helps learning and memory? - Frequently ask yourself "why?" and try to explain what you have read to yourself - All of the options - Repeatedly return to what you have read and relate this topic to previous topics - Do the test at the end of the chapter using online assessment tools

- All of the options

**TRUE OR FALSE** Experience cannot direct how the neurons respond, but it responds to stimuli more.

**False**

The time it takes to respond to a presented stimulus Reaction Time Choice Reaction Time Simple Reaction Time

Reaction Time

Distributing learning over time is called .... Interleaving Repetition Spacing

Spacing

**TRUE OR FALSE** The capacity of STM depends on the complexity or compressibility of the stimulus to be remembered.

**True**

These brain scans are the form of neural imaging most useful to the field of psychology. MRI fMRI EEG PET

PET

The following are major parts of a neuron except for Axon Dendrite Soma Myelin Sheath

Myelin Sheath

Jane has trust issues since he experienced several times that his partners would lie about another romantic relationship. Bayesian Inference Gestalt Semantic Regularities Intrinsic Laws

Bayesian Inference

Xandra tried to recall the plate number of the car that hit her mother, but the car was so fast she only remembers half of the digits. Sensory Memory Haptic Memory Echoic Memory Iconic Memory

Iconic Memory

Perception includes the following except: Expectation Senses Memories Social Economic Status

Social Economic Status

The senses can pick up information and the brain can process it but it can't recognize or make sense of the information coming in. Aphasia Apraxia Associative Agnosia Apperceptive Agnosia

Associative Agnosia

Known for his memory research where his methods remain the basis of all psychological experimentation. Franciscus Donders Herman Ebbinghaus Ulrich Neisser Wilhelm Wundt

Herman Ebbinghaus

Children often repeat what they hear, this is called ... Shadowing Dichotic Listening Learning

Shadowing

Shifting attention by making eye movements. Overt Attention Attention Bias Inattentional Blindness Covert Attention

Overt Attention

We perceive that the object that is most likely to have caused the pattern of stimuli we have received. Principle of Good Contribution Unconscious Inference Likelihood Principle Principle of Organization

Likelihood Principle

The quote "the whole is more than the sum of its parts" is a popular notion of ... Gestalt Neuroscience Neurocognitive Behaviorism

Gestalt

The Leaky Filter Model suggests that the messages from the environment pass through the _____, where analysis of messages creates meaning as we perceive it. Filter Pass on to Memory Dictionary Unit Attenuator

Attenuator

The process involved in retaining, retrieving and using information about stimuli, images, events, ideas and skills after the original information is no longer present. Memory Long Term Memory Structural Model Procedural Model

Memory

**TRUE OR FALSE** There is a relationship between stress and memory.

**True**

Interference that occurs when information that was learned previously interferes with learning new information. Proactive Interference Phonological Loop Retroactive Interference Articulatory Supression

Proactive Interference

Vic responds to a friend that is calling him while he did not hear when one of the bullies tried to get his attention, even if the voice of the latter is louder. Divided Attention Visual Scanning Selective Attention Attentional Capture

Selective Attention

Inability to focus on individual objects due to damage in the parietal lobe. Illusion Balint's Syndrome Hallucinations Aphasia

Balint's Syndrome

Machine that behaves in ways that a human would behave. Digital Computer Information Processing Approach Information Theory Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence

The father of Modern Psychology Sigmund Freud Franciscus Donders Wilhelm Wundt Ulrich Neisser

Wilhelm Wundt

Uses procedures with visual items that cannot be verbalized. Chunking Visuospatial Sketchpad Phonological Loop Word Length Effect Articulatory Suppression

Visuospatial Sketchpad

Refers to the confusion of letters or words that sound similar. Chunking Visuospatial Sketchpad Phonological Loop Word Length Effect Articulatory Suppression

Phonological Loop

Enables the limited capacity of STM system to deal with the large amount of information involved in many of the tasks we perform ever-day. Chunking Visuospatial Sketchpad Phonological Loop Word Length Effect Articulatory Suppression

Chunking

The repetition of irrelevant sound reduces memory because speaking interferes with rehearsal. Chunking Visuospatial Sketchpad Phonological Loop Word Length Effect Articulatory Suppression

Articulatory Suppression

Refers to the observation that our memory for lists of words is better for short words than for long words. Chunking Visuospatial Sketchpad Phonological Loop Word Length Effect Articulatory Suppression

Word Length Effect

**TRUE OR FALSE** Cognition refers to ALL mental activities and mental processes.

**True**

A long segmented fiber that passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands. Soma Dendrite Axon Myelin Sheath

Axon

**TRUE OR FALSE** Perception is universal.

**False**

The overall experience is determined by combining basic elements of experience or sensations. Structuralism Cognitive Psychology Abnormal Psychology Neurodiversity

Structuralism

____ led to the discovery of talent learning and cognitive maps. Persistence of Vision Rat Maze Flow Diagram Skinner Box

Rat Maze

The father of Cognitive Psychology is ... Ulrich Neisser Wilhelm Wundt Sigmund Freud Franciscus Donders

Ulrich Neisser

Refers to the inability to recognize or interpret sensory information despite having normal sensory function. Aphasia Apraxia Agnosia

Agnosia

**TRUE OR FALSE** Heimholtz and Bayes believe that we use data about the environment as we gather through our past experiences in perceiving.

**True**

**TRUE OR FALSE** Only relevant information is passed through the sensory memory to short term memory.

**True**