Week 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Question 1

IDENTIFICATION:

The branch of Psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mind.

Answer 1

Cognitive Psychology

Question 2

IDENTIFICATION:

Creates and controls mental functions such as perception, attention, memory, emotions, language, deciding, thinking and reasoning.

Answer 2

The Mind

Question 3

IDENTIFICATION:

Dutch physiologist who did one of the 1st Cognitive Psychology Experiment

Answer 3

Franciscus Donders

Question 4

IDENTIFICATION:

How long does it takes to respond to presentation of a stimulus

Answer 4

Reaction Time

Question 5

IDENTIFICATION: Kind of Reaction Time

Donders asks his participants to push a button as rapidly as possible when they saw a light go on.

Answer 5

Simple Reaction Time

Question 6

IDENTIFICATION: Kind of Reaction Time

Donders used two lights and asked his participants to push the left button (J Key) when they saw the left light go on, and the right button (K key) when they saw the right light go on.

Answer 6

Choice Reaction Time

Question 7

IDENTIFICATION:

He measures REACTION TIME

Answer 7

Franciscus Donders

Question 8

TRUE OR FALSE:

Mental responses were directly measured but the behavior was inferred from the reaction time

Answer 8

FALSE; Mental Responses were not directly measured**

Question 9

IDENTIFICATION:

He is a German physiologist & psychologist who founded the 1st laboratory of scientific psychology at the University of Leipzig, Germany

Answer 9

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 10

IDENTIFICATION:

The overall experience which is determined by combining basic elements of experience which were called sensations.

Answer 10

Structuralism

Question 11

Periodic table of the mind that includes all basic sensations involved in creating complex experiences using (___________)

Answer 11

Analytic Introspection

Question 12

IDENTIFICATION:

Technique in which trained participants described their sensations, feelings, and thought processes in response to stimuli

Answer 12

Analytic Introspection

Question 13

TRUE OR FALSE:

Wundt emphasized the pivotal role of experiments in gaining knowledge about the human mind

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

IDENTIFICATION:

German psychologist who measures the properties of the mind (memory and forgetting)

Answer 14

Herman Ebbinghaus

Question 15

IDENTIFICATION:

American Psychologist; author of the First Psychology Textbook: The Principles of Psychology

Answer 15

William James

Question 16

IDENTIFICATION:

American Psychologist who proposed BEHAVIORISM

Answer 16

John B. Watson

Question 17

IDENTIFICATION:

Provided another tool in studying the stimulus and response which is OPERANT CONDITIONING.

Answer 17

B.F. Skinner

Question 18

IDENTIFICATION:

Focuses on how behavior is strengthened by the presentation of positive reinforcers or negative reinforcers.

Answer 18

Operant Conditioning

Question 19

IDENTIFICATION:

used rat maze that eventually led to the discovery of Latent Learning and Cognitive Maps

Answer 19

Edward Tolman

Question 20

IDENTIFICATION:

A type of learning that you do not use if every time, which is not apparent in the learner’s behavior at the time of learning, but which manifests later when a suitable motivation and circumstances appear.

Answer 20

Latent Learning

Question 21

IDENTIFICATION:

American Linguistic; contradicted B.F. Skinner in saying that children learn language through operant conditioning.

Answer 21

Noah Chomsky

Question 22

1.

IDENTIFICATION:

A shift in Psychology from the behaviorist’s stimulus-response relationship to the understanding of the operations of the mind.

Answer 22

Cognitive Revolution

Question 23

IDENTIFICATION:

Professor in Mathematics was one of the first to coin the term “Artificial Intelligence”

Answer 23

John McCarthy

Question 24

IDENTIFICATION:

Often referred to as the “Father of Cognitive Psychology”

Answer 24

Ulrich Neisser

Question 25

**TRUE OR FALSE:** Cognitive Psychology accepts the **existence of unobserved** (cognitive) processes that can be scientifically studied via the creation and evaluation of mental models.

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

**IDENTIFICATION:** A program that create proofs of mathematical theorems that involved principles of logic by Dartmouth (1956)

Answer 26

Logic Theorist

Question 27

**TRUE OR FALSE:** In his memory experiments, Herman Ebbinghaus created **2,500 nonsense syllables** to avoid the use of association, all three letters long and using the standard word format of consonant-vowel-consonant.

Answer 27

**FALSE;** Ebbinghaus created 2,300 nonsense syllables

Question 27

**IDENTIFICATION:** Information was processed in stages **“input processors”** stored in **“memory unit”,** processed by **“arithmetic unit”** that creates computer’s output.

Answer 27

Flow Diagrams

Question 28

**TRUE OR FALSE:** According to Chomsky, language is a product of the way the mind is constructed rather than a result of reinforcement.

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

**TRUE OR FALSE:** **In 1953,** IBM introduced computer available to the public and it was used in university research laboratories to analyze data and suggest a new way of thinking about the mind.

Answer 29

**FALSE;** it was in 1954