Module #10 Flashcards
1
Q
What is A?
A
Trachea
2
Q
What is B?
A
Alveolus
3
Q
What is C?
A
Lung
4
Q
What is D?
A
Concha
5
Q
What is E?
A
Nasal cavity
6
Q
What is F?
A
Larynx
7
Q
What is G?
A
Bronchus
8
Q
What is H?
A
Pharynx
9
Q
What is I?
A
Bronchioles
10
Q
What is J?
A
Naris
11
Q
What is K?
A
Epiglottis
12
Q
What is L?
A
Diaphragm
13
Q
The site for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
A
Alveolus
14
Q
A tiny branch of the bronchus
A
Bronchioles
15
Q
Cartilage structure that closes the larynx during swallowing
A
Epiglottis
16
Q
The part of the respiratory system connecting the nostrils, mouth, Eustachian tubes, larynx, and esophagus
A
Pharynx
17
Q
The Adam’s apple and the cartilage support for the vocal folds
A
Larynx
18
Q
The windpipe, supported by C-shaped cartilage rings
A
Trachea
19
Q
Mucosa-covered bones that resemble seashells and cause the inspired air to tumble against mucosa to be warmed and humidified
A
Concha
20
Q
Air left in the lungs after forced expiration
A
Residual volume
21
Q
The average amount of air in a breath; about a pint
A
Tidal volume
22
Q
The consumption of nutrients and oxygen to make ATP and carbon dioxide
A
Cellular respiration
23
Q
The process of drawing air into the lungs
A
Inspiration
24
Q
The maximum amount of air you can draw into your lungs after a normal inspiration
A
Inspiratory reserve volume
25
The release of air from the lungs, either active or passive
Expiration
26
The wall, partially bone and partially cartilage, that divides the nasal cavity into left and right
Nasal septum
27
Thick, irritating mucus in the respiratory system
Phlegm
28
Tiny hairlike structures that line the respiratory system and propel mucus against gravity into the pharynx
Cilia
29
What is a sinus?
An empty space in your skull that lightens your head and resonates with your voice
## Footnote
Sinuses are part of the respiratory system.
30
What are the largest sinuses in the human skull?
The maxillary sinuses
## Footnote
They lie between the eyes and the roots of the upper (maxillary) teeth.
31
What lines the sinuses?
Mucosa
## Footnote
Mucosa contains goblet cells that produce mucus.
32
What do goblet cells produce?
Mucus
33
What propels mucus in the sinuses?
Tiny hairlike cilia
## Footnote
Cilia move mucus toward the osmium.
34
What is an osmium in relation to the sinuses?
The opening through the bone into the nasal cavity
## Footnote
Osmium allows mucus to drain into the nasal cavity.
35
Name 4 common substances or situations that can produce respiratory symptoms, ranging from sniffles to asthma, is a person who is sensitive to that substance or situation:
1) Perfume allergies
2) Dry air
3) Smoke
4) Chlorine
36
Do allergies or sensitivities cause fever?
No
37
What is the difference between a productive cough and a dry cough?
Productive cough: Sounds liquidity and breaks mucus/phlegm loose.
Dry cough: Not liquidity and sounds like air traveling through dry tubes
38
What advice would you offer to someone who has a nosebleed?
1) Sit upright
2) Lean forward
3) Pinch the bridge of your nose firmly for 5-10 minutes
4) Avoid bending over or picking the nose for a few hours after the bleeding stops
5) If it continues to bleed after a half hour, get medical help
39
Desire to breathe brought on by high carbon dioxide levels in the blood
Air hunger
40
Device helpful in obstructive sleep apnea
CPAP machine
41
Device that evaluates the heartbeat and gives a powerful jolt of electricity to restart the heartbeat
AED machine
42
Device that only evaluates the heartbeat's electric signal
ECG machine
43
Many episodes of apnea during on night's sleep
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
44
Overreaction of the bronchi and bronchioles to an allergen or situation
Asthma
45
Pause in breathing
Apnea
46
Rattling of the back of the tongue, soft palate, or tonsils during breathing when asleep
Snoring
47
Swelling of the larynx or trachea in children with a cold, characterized by a barking cough
Croup
48
What are the two types of tonsils found in the pharynx?
Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) and palatine tonsils
49
What happens to the tonsils when they actively fight infection?
They may swell and partially obstruct the airway
50
What symptoms can result from swollen tonsils?
Snoring or sleep apnea
51
What can prolonged enlargement of the tonsils cause in children?
Mouth breathing, more frequent colds, and middle ear infections
52
Fill in the blank: When the pharyngeal tonsils and palatine tonsils are enlarged, they may cause a child to breathe through the _______.
mouth
53
True or False: Enlarged tonsils can lead to sleep apnea.
True
54
What can cause a sore throat? (9)
1) Yelling
2) Coughing
3) Dry air
4) Postnasal drip
5) Acid reflux (GERD)
6) Viral Infection
7) Bacterial infection (strep throat)
8) Allergy
9) Trauma, such as a sharp tortilla chip
55
Alveoli...
have 1-cell-thick walls as do nearby capillaries. They are elastic, but they do not have muscles or cartilage
56
Red blood cells carry...
1) Oxygen in hemoglobin, a protein that contains iron
2) Carbon dioxide
57
Where are gases exchanged between RBCs (red blood cells) and alveoli?
Only in the alveoli
58
What holds the lungs against the rib cage and the diaphragm?
The cohesion of the pleura, then fluid, when another layer of pleura
59
Inspiration is a result of the contraction of what?
The muscles of inspiration
60
What is expiration?
A passive relaxation of the muscles of inspiration or a contraction of the muscles of expiration
61
What does an expired breath contain?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
62
What is the structure involved in this condition?:
Pneumonia
Alveoli
63
What is the structure involved in this condition?:
Bronchitis
Bronchi
64
What is the structure involved in this condition?:
Croup
Larynx and trachea
65
What is the structure involved in this condition?:
Pleurisy
Pleura layers (inflammation)
66
What is the structure involved in this condition?:
Pneumothorax
Pleura layers (air between the pleura layers)
67
What is the structure involved in this condition?:
Hiccups
Diaphragm
68
What is the structure involved in this condition?:
Asthma
Bronchi and bronchioles
69
What do coughing and sneezing use to propel air?
The muscles of expiration
70
What do coughing and sneezing launch into the air?
They launch a cloud of droplets that may contain viruses or bacteria.
71
How long can viruses or bacteria remain infectious outside the body?
They can remain infectious to others for hours.
72
How can you restrain a cough or sneeze?
Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue.
73
What should you do if a tissue is not available to cover a cough or sneeze?
Aim your sneeze toward the inner bend of your arm or downward, or at least turn your face away from people.
74
How can persistent coughs be described?
Persistent coughs can be described by duration and whether they are dry or productive.
75
What conditions have productive coughs?
Bronchitis, pneumonia, and allergies have productive coughs.
76
What is 1?
Right atrium (deoxygenated; paired; right side)
77
What is 2?
Left atrium (oxygenated; paired; left side)
78
What is 3?
Superior vena cava (deoxygenated)
79
What is 4?
Aorta (oxygenated)
80
What is 5?
Pulmonary artery left (deoxygenated; left side)
81
What is 6?
Pulmonary vein (oxygenated; left side)
82
What is 7?
Atrioventricular valve (oxygenated; paired; left side)
83
What is 8?
Aortic valve (oxygenated)
84
What is 9?
Left ventricle (oxygenated; paired; left side)
85
What is 10?
Right ventricle (deoxygenated; paired; right side)
86
What is 11?
Inferior vena cava (deoxygenated)
87
What is 12?
Atrioventricular valve (deoxygenated; paired; right side)
88
What is 13?
Pulmonary valve (deoxygenated)
89
What is plasma?
Plasma is a clear, pale yellow liquid that can be separated from blood by spinning it in a centrifuge.
90
What are the three kinds of proteins found in plasma?
The three kinds of proteins in plasma are albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen.
91
What is the function of albumin?
Albumin draws water from outside the capillary into the capillary.
92
What is the role of globulins?
Globulins fight disease.
93
What does fibrinogen do?
Fibrinogen can be changed into fibrin by the coagulation cascade.
94
What are the cellular layers found in blood?
The cellular layers include a thin white band of white blood cells and platelets, and a red layer of red blood cells.
95
What occupies almost half of the blood volume?
The red layer, which contains red blood cells.
96
What is a thrombus?
An unwanted blood clot that forms when coagulation of the blood happens too easily.
97
What is an embolus?
A traveling blood clot that can break loose from a thrombus.
98
What condition is caused by traveling blood clots clogging small vessels in the lung?
Pulmonary embolism.
99
What happens if blood clots form but do not stay fixed to the wound?
Bleeding continues, which may indicate a missing coagulation factor and an inherited disease called hemophilia.
100
What can cause the loss of red blood cells?
Excessive bleeding, called hemorrhage.
101
What can irreparably damage red blood cells?
Carbon monoxide poisoning.
102
What is the inherited disease that causes red blood cells to form into a crescent shape?
Sickle-cell anemia.
103
What happens to red blood cells that are removed from the blood?
They are recycled.
104
What is the first step in recycling hemoglobin?
The iron is taken out and stored.
105
What is globin made into during the recycling process?
New amino acids.
106
What is heme transformed into?
Bilirubin and then bile.
107
What happens when lots of RBCs are destroyed at one time?
The increase in bilirubin in the blood can make a person have a yellowish appearance called jaundice.
108
What replaces destroyed RBCs?
The RBCs are replaced by new ones made in the bone marrow.
109
What is the condition called when a person has a low count of RBCs?
The condition is called anemia.
110
What does anemia involve in terms of hemoglobin?
Anemia involves having a lesser amount of hemoglobin than normal.
111
What is the function of arteries?
Arteries pump blood from the heart under pressure and have lots of smooth muscle.
112
What do arteries branch into?
Arteries branch into smaller vessels called arterioles.
113
What are the smallest blood vessels called?
The smallest blood vessels are called capillaries.
114
What do capillaries reform into?
Capillaries reform into venules.
115
What are the largest return vessels called?
The largest return vessels are called veins.
116
What is a key feature of veins?
Veins have valves that keep the blood from flowing backward.
117
Blunt tip of the heart
Apex of the heart
118
Highest level of the blood pressure wave
Systolic pressure
119
Lowest level of the blood pressure wave
Diastolic pressure
120
Part of the heart connecting to major blood vessels
Base of the heart
121
Slick layer surrounding the heart that reduces friction
Pericardium
122
Sound made by a leaking heart valve
Heart murmur
123
Region between the lungs that contains the heart, major blood vessels, the esophagus, and the trachea
Mediastinum
124
Very active cardiac muscle cells in the right atrium that trigger the heart to contract
Pacemaker (SA node)
125
Blood supply to the heart muscle
Coronary arteries
126
Condition in which the signal of the pacemaker cells does not trigger the ventricles to contract
Heart block
127
Heart attack, permanent heart damage
Myocardial infarction (MI)
128
Inadequate heart contractions
Heart failure
129
No heartbeat or fibrillation
Cardiac arrest
130
Pain from insufficient blood flow to the heart muscles
Angina
131
Quivering heart muscle
Fibrillation
132
Surgery to remove rogue heart muscle cells that interfere with the normal heartbeat
Ablation
133
Systolic pressure of 140 or diastolic pressure of 90
High blood pressure
134
Surgery that widens a narrow artery and keeps it open with a stent
Angioplasty
135
Very rapid but ineffective heart contractions
Tachycardia
