Module #2 Flashcards by Devin Grant

Q

This chemical does what job?:

Glutamate

A

Excited transmission of signal

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Q

This chemical does what job?:

GABA

A

Inhibits transmission of signal

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Q

This chemical does what job?:

Acetylocholine

A

Improves memory

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Q

This chemical does what job?:

Opioid peptides

A

Relieves pain

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Q

This chemical does what job?:

Norepinephrine

A

Helps concentration

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Q

This chemical does what job?:

Dopamine and serotonin

A

Heighten alertness, pleasure, appetite, and help with motor control

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Q

What neurotransmitter is increased by cocaine or amphetamine?

A

Dopamine

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Q

With flooding of dopamine, what does the user gain and lose?

A

Gains a high (a temporary feeling of intense pleasure and energy)

Loses the ability to enjoy simple pleasures in life

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Q

What neurotransmitter is imitated by heroin or morphine?

A

Opioid peptides

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Q

What is the normal function of opioid peptides?

A

Relieve pain

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Q

What happens to a person addicted to heroin or morphine?

A

The addict will suffer constant pain if addictive substance is not regularly consumed

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Q

What damage can be done if someone gets a concussion?

A

(1) It could cause serious problems down the road

(2) Their brain might be permanently damaged

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Q

Match the term with the correct organ:

Appendicitis

A

Appendix

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Q

Match the term with the correct organ:

Arthritis

A

Joints

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Q

Match the term with the correct organ:

Carditis

A

Heart

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Q

Match the term with the correct organ:

Laryngitis

A

Larynx

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Q

Match the term with the correct organ:

Nephritis

A

Kidney

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Q

Recognizing the location of the pineal body and light’s effect on it, why wouldn’t wearing a hat or shining a bring light on the top of your head or into your mouth affect melatonin production?

A

The pineal body is too many layers into the brain for light to penetrate, so a hat or mouth wouldn’t make a difference

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Q

What simple changes can you make in your routine to reduce physical stress and keep stress hormones under control?

A

Resting when sick
Better sleep routine
Not skip meals

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Q

What changes can you make to limit your emotional stress?

A

Limit:
video games
social media
responding to cell phone
exciting movies and books

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Q

Which blood test could help differentiate between type 1 or type 2 diabetes?

A

Blood insulin level

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Q

What is the nervous system made up of?

A

Nerve cells called neurons

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Q

Neurons carry what impulses from extensions called what?

A

electrical; dendrites

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Q

What is the single long extension of the neuron; it’s covered with myelin sheath?

A

Axon

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Impulses comes into the neuron through the ____________ and is then sent out through the _____

Dendrites; axon

A bundle of axons with its protective layers is called a what?

Nerve

What neurons carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord? What neurons carry impulses toward the brain and spinal cord?

Away: Motor neurons Toward: Sensory neurons

An impulse is begun by a ___________, which is a detectable change, acting upon a _________ receptor, which causes an attached sensory neuron to send the signal toward the brain.

stimulus; sensory

Between sensory neurons and motor neurons are _______________ ________, also called _________________, in the brain and spinal cord. They link the sensory message with options for action

Association neurons; interneurons

If an impulse goes through a sensory neuron to the spinal cord, through an association neuron in the spinal cord, and then through a motor neuron that moves a muscle, the entire response is called a _________

Reflex

What things make up the peripheral nervous system?

Sensory, motor, and mixed nerves

What things make up the central nervous system?

Brain and spinal cord

Mixed nerves

Carries both sensory and motor axon in their bundles

The only place in the brain where conscious awareness occurs; conscious thought, such as making plans or understanding language

The cerebrum

The place in the brain that automatically refines muscle movement

The cerebellum

The place in the brain that controls vital functions.

The brain stem

The place in the brain that sorts messages going in (sensory) and out (motor) of the conscious centers in the cerebrum.

Thalamus

The place in the brain that is a crucial link between the nervous system and the endocrine system, where the nerve impulse messages control the release of hormones into the blood.

Hypothalamus

What is the tiny space between each sending neuron's axon and the receiving neuron's dendrite called?

A synapse

The synapse is a gap too wide for an electric impulse to bridge. Instead of an impulse, the end of the axon releases a ___________________

Neurotransmitter

Neurotransmitter

A chemical that can diffuse in the fluid between the cells and cross the synapse

If there is too much or not enough neurotransmitter, it is called an __________, which can lead to a __________ __________

Imbalance; mental illness

What are natural ways to improve neurotransmitter balance?

Enough exercise, sleep, eating healthful food, reducing stress, and pursuing spiritual habits.

Match the terms about brain illness with the right definition: Aneurysm

Weakened area of a blood vessel that might break

Match the terms about brain illness with the right definition: Concussion

Brain bruise from a blow to the head

Match the terms about brain illness with the right definition: Edema

Swelling

Match the terms about brain illness with the right definition: Encephalitis

Inflammation of the brain

Match the terms about brain illness with the right definition: Epilepsy

Condition characterized by more than one seizure

Match the terms about brain illness with the right definition: Hemorrhagic stroke

Blood vessel breakage in the brain

Match the terms about brain illness with the right definition: Hematoma

Blood clot that is below the surface

Match the terms about brain illness with the right definition: Inflammation

State of irritation of the tissues.

Match the terms about brain illness with the right definition: Ischemic stroke

Loss of blood flow to an area of the brain causing those neurons to die

Match the terms about brain illness with the right definition: Meningitis

Inflammation of the coverings of the brain

Match the terms about brain illness with the right definition: Seizure

Spontaneous activity of the neurons of the brain resulting in times of unconsciousness

The ____________ system is made up of glands and the __________ they produce and release into the _______.

Endocrine; hormones; blood

A hormone is a chemical that produces a response in a ________ cell, which is a cell with __________ for that hormone.

Target; receptors

What gland is responsible for producing hormones that enhance or discourage sleep?

The pineal body

What hormone is produced during the day? What hormone is produced during the darkness?

Day: Serotonin Darkness: Melatonin

The __________ _____ and the __________ control growth and send out signal hormones to other endocrine glands.

Pituitary gland; hypothalamus

The hormones that cause preparation for a fight or an escape are produced in the what gland?

Adrenal gland

Hormone that reduces inflammation

Cortisol

Hormone that speeds up the heart

Epinephrine

The thyroid produces what hormone? What does this hormone do?

Thyroxine; it raises the metabolic rate of the cells

What gland produces insulin? What does insulin do?

The pancreas. It lowers the blood glucose levels by causing the cells to take glucose out of the blood and store it.

What is an overcorrection of insulin called? When does it occur?

Reactive hypoglycemia May happen when you eat sugary snacks on an empty stomach

Type 1 diabetes

The pancreas doesn't make enough insulin

Type 2 diabetes

The cells that take in glucose from the blood become insulin resist, and glucose levels in the blood remain high

What reproductive hormones are released by the ovaries?

Estrogen and progesterone

What reproductive hormone released by the testes?

Testosterone

Reproductive hormones are controlled by the signaling hormones from the _____________ gland

Pituitary

The male hormones has a _________ cycle of low and high levels

daily

The female hormones have a ________ cycle of low and high levels

Monthly

What is the emotional glue hormone that holds families together?

Oxytocin

What are the 5 signs of inflammation?

Swelling Pain Redness Warmer than normal Hypersensitivity to touch

What is A?

Cerebrum

What is B?

Thalamus (region)

What is C?

Pineal body (gland)

What is D?

Brain stem

What is E?

Cerebellum

What is F?

Pituitary (gland)

What is G?

Hypothalamus (region)