Module #15 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the primary goal of the reproductive systems?
A
To bring together two gametes to produce an offspring who is different from either parent. Known as sexual reproduction.
2
Q
What is the physical act of bringing the two reproductive systems together called?
A
Coitus (sex)
3
Q
Fill in the blank: The cell provided by the male is called a _______.
A
Sperm
4
Q
Fill in the blank: The cell provided by the female is an _______.
A
Ovum (egg)
5
Q
True or False: The offspring produced through sexual reproduction is identical to either parent.
A
False
Offspring produced through sexual reproduction are different from both parents.
6
Q
What is A?
A
Seminal vesicle
7
Q
What is B?
A
Ejaculatory duct
8
Q
What is C?
A
Prostate
9
Q
What is D?
A
Vas deferens
10
Q
What is E?
A
Epididymis
11
Q
What is F?
A
Testis
12
Q
What is G?
A
Scrotum
13
Q
What is H?
A
Glans penis
14
Q
What is I?
A
Erectile tissue/penis
15
Q
What must happen to the ovaries of the female embryo?
A
The ovaries must descend from a position below the kidneys into the pelvic cavity, below the abdomen.
16
Q
How far do the testes of the male embryo descend?
A
The testes descend even farther than the ovaries, leaving the abdomen and traveling through the inguinal canal to rest in the scrotum.
17
Q
What is the inguinal canal?
A
The inguinal canal is a passage through which the testes travel to reach the scrotum.
18
Q
What condition can occur if the inguinal canal weakens the abdominal wall?
A
An inguinal hernia can occur, allowing a loop of intestine to protrude into the scrotum.
19
Q
Fill in the blank: An inguinal hernia allows a loop of intestine to protrude into the _______.
A
scrotum
20
Q
Gland in the brain responsible for the onset of puberty
A
Hypothalamus
21
Q
Main producer of estrogen in the female
A
Ovary
22
Q
Main producer of testosterone in the male
A
Testis
23
Q
Threshold of maturation for the reproductive system
A
Puberty
24
Q
Identify the appearance as either a function of a primary sex organ or a secondary sex characteristic:
Beard growth
A
Secondary sex characteristic
25
Identify the appearance as either a function of a primary sex organ or a secondary sex characteristic:
Menstruation
Function of a primary sex organ
26
Identify the appearance as either a function of a primary sex organ or a secondary sex characteristic:
Ovulation
Function of a primary sex organ
27
Identify the appearance as either a function of a primary sex organ or a secondary sex characteristic:
Pubic hair growth
Secondary sex characteristic
28
Identify the appearance as either a function of a primary sex organ or a secondary sex characteristic:
Rapid long bone growth
Secondary sex characteristic
29
Identify the appearance as either a function of a primary sex organ or a secondary sex characteristic:
Sperm production
Function of a primary sex organ
30
Identify the appearance as either a function of a primary sex organ or a secondary sex characteristic:
Voice change
Secondary sex characteristic
31
What is the fluid produced during the male sex act called?
Semen
## Footnote
Semen is a mixture of sperms and secretions from the seminal vesicles and the prostate.
32
Where are gametes produced in males?
In the testis
## Footnote
The testis is responsible for the production of sperm.
33
Where do gametes mature and get stored?
In the epididymis
## Footnote
The epididymis is a coiled tube where sperm matures and is stored.
34
Why is the location of the testis and epididymis significant?
Keeps the temperature lower than body temperature
35
What effect does temperature have on testosterone production?
Very little effect
36
Fill in the blank: The male sex act produces a fluid called _______.
Semen
37
What is A?
Fallopian tube
38
What is B?
Ovary
39
What is C?
Uterus
40
What is D?
Vagina (birth canal)
41
What is E?
Clitoris
42
What is F?
Labium minus
43
What is G?
Labium majus
44
What is H?
Cervix
45
What are the ovaries full of?
Immature eggs located in follicles
## Footnote
Follicles are nests of supportive cells.
46
What hormone causes follicles in the ovaries to develop?
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
## Footnote
FSH is released from the pituitary gland into the blood.
47
What hormone do developing follicles produce in large amounts?
Estrogen
48
What is the role of the brain in the ovarian cycle?
It sends out more hormones in response to estrogen levels.
49
What happens to one follicle during ovulation?
It moves to the surface of the ovary and ovulates or ruptures.
50
What is released when a follicle ruptures?
An egg
51
What sweeps the egg into the fallopian tube?
Cilia
52
What does the ruptured follicle change into?
Corpus luteum or 'yellow body'
53
What hormone does the corpus luteum secrete?
Progesterone
54
What is the function of progesterone?
It builds up the endometrium, the lining of the uterus.
55
The endometrium is prepared to receive what?
A developing embryo
56
Fill in the blank: The ovaries contain immature eggs located in _______.
follicles
57
What is the process called when the prepared endometrium of the uterus deteriorates and is shed from the body?
Menstruation
## Footnote
Menstruation occurs if no fertilization takes place.
58
What are the stages of the monthly menstrual cycle?
1. Menstruation
2. Ovulation
3. Development of the endometrium
4. Deterioration of the endometrium
59
What is a girl's first menstruation called?
Menarche
## Footnote
Menarche is part of the process of sexual maturity and puberty.
60
What is the absence of an expected period called?
Amenorrhea
## Footnote
Amenorrhea can be caused by factors such as being underweight or overexercising.
61
What marks the end of the monthly cycle in a woman's life?
Menopause
## Footnote
Menopause occurs when hormones no longer surge enough to cause ovulation and menstruation.
62
True or False: The menstrual cycle continues throughout a girl's life until menopause.
True
63
What is sexual arousal/desire?
A state of emotional excitement that causes a person to seek sexual intercourse.
64
What can stimulate sexual arousal?
Many ways, including visual stimuli or emotional experiences.
65
What can an image that exposes parts of the human body normally covered by clothing be considered?
Pornographic.
66
What effect can exposure to pornographic images have on the brain?
Can cause the brain to release neurotransmitters.
67
What can the release of neurotransmitters due to pornographic exposure lead to?
Addiction and dissatisfaction with natural relationships.
68
What is the first stage of the male sex act?
Erection
69
What causes the penis to become firm and straight during the male sex act?
Blood fills the erectile tissues
70
What is the second stage of the male sex act?
Emission
71
What occurs during the emission stage of the male sex act?
Gathering of semen in the urethra
72
What is the final stage of the male sex act?
Ejaculation
73
What is ejaculation?
Forceful ejection of semen from the penis
74
What factors primarily influence the female sex act?
Psychological factors
75
What physiological changes occur in the female during the sex act?
Erection of the clitoris and release of lubricating mucus
76
What is orgasm?
Intense pleasure from sexual intercourse
77
What hormone is released during orgasm?
Oxytocin
78
What emotional effect does oxytocin have during sex?
Binds husband and wife together emotionally
79
No sexual activity before marriage
Celibacy
80
Sexual activity only with the marriage partner
Fidelity
81
Unrestrained sexual activity
Promiscuity
82
Where does the sperm usually meet the egg?
In the ampulla of the fallopian tube
83
What is the union of sperm and egg called?
Fertilization
84
What is the genetically new cell that forms after fertilization?
Zygote
85
What does the zygote begin to divide into?
Embryo
86
In how many days does the new person implant into the uterus?
A few days
87
What is the prepared lining of the uterus called where the embryo implants?
Endometrium
88
Give three conditions that must occur for fertilization to take place after sexual intercourse
1: Chemistry of semen must neutralize acid of mucus secretion of the female
2: Sperm must be hardy enough to penetrate the ovum
3: Endometrium must be thick with blood vessels
89
A cell capable of dividing and becoming many types of cells
Undifferentiated cell
90
A cell that functions as a mature cell and cannot become another type of cell
Differentiated cell
91
A developing baby who has all its organs
Fetus
92
A developing baby who is forming new organs
Embryo
93
Similar cells that all have the same function
Tissue
94
A structure made of different kinds of cells, but which functions as a unit
Organ
95
What is A?
Menstruation
96
What is B?
Follicle developing
97
What is C?
Ovulation
98
What is D?
Endometrium fully developed
99
What is E?
Endometrium deteriorating
100
What are the pro-life trigger letters?
S, M, L, X
101
What do the pro-life trigger letters mean?
S: size. M: maturity. L: Location. X: exchange
102
What are the natural questions for each pro-life trigger letter?
S (size): Is a 6lbs baby less human than a 7lbs one?
M (maturity): How mature does a baby have to be to be defined as human?
L (location): Would you define someone as human or not based on his location?
X (exchange): Do you define a person by how she gets food and oxygen?
103
What is A?
Endometrium
104
What is B?
Placenta
105
What is C?
Villi
106
What is D?
Umbilical cord
107
What is E?
Amnion/ amniotic sac
108
What is F?
Lacuna
109
What is the natural birth of a baby through the birth canal called?
Vaginal delivery
110
What is the surgical opening of the womb to rescue a baby called?
Caesarean delivery (C-section)
111
What structures are found in the breast of both men and women?
A duct system, a circular dark area called an areola, and a nipple
112
What anchors the skin of the breast to the pectorals major muscle?
Suspensory ligaments
113
What forms a mammary gland in the mother's breast during pregnancy?
The hormones of pregnancy
114
Where is milk produced in the breast?
In the alveolus
115
What do clusters of alveoli form?
A lobule
116
What do lobules come together to form?
A lobe
117
What does each lobe have that opens directly on the nipple?
A duct
118
A bacterial disease that forms internal abscesses and scarring in the reproductive system
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
119
A barrier that is not 100% effective in preventing disease or pregnancy
Condom
120
A "silent" disease that may still be damaging to the carrier and contagious to others
Asymptomatic disease
121
Group of diverse diseases that are most commonly spread by promiscuity
Sexually transmitted disease (STD)
122
Inability of a women to get pregnant or a man to provide sperm
Infertility
123
The most dangerous of all STDs; it destroys T cells
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS)
124
Damaged tissue
Lesion
