Module 10: Nervous System

Question 1

involuntary nerves that stimulate the body in times of stress and crisis are ___ nerves

Answer 1

sympathetic

Question 2

the ____ nervous system consists of the cranial and spinal nerves

Answer 2

peripheral

Question 3

what nervous system cell does not transmit impulses throughout the body?

Answer 3

glial

Question 4

the chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell that stimulates or inhibits another cell is called

Answer 4

a neurotransmitter

Question 5

the main sensory relay centre of the brain is the

Answer 5

thalamus

Question 6

fluid-filled spaces within the brain are called

Answer 6

ventricles

Question 7

a nerve cell is a

Answer 7

neuron

Question 8

_____ nerves carry impulses to the brain and spinal cord

Answer 8

afferent

Question 9

the microscopic space through which an impulse is transmitted is

Answer 9

synapse

Question 10

_____ nerves carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord

Answer 10

efferent

Question 11

the threadlike extension that carries impulses along a nerve cell

Answer 11

axon

Question 12

the “bridge” between the medulla and the midbrain is the

Answer 12

pons

Question 13

the posterior portion of the brain that coordinates voluntary muscle movements and maintains balance

Answer 13

cerebellum

Question 14

the lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum and spinal cord is the

Answer 14

brain stem

Question 15

the ______ is the outer region of the cerebrum

Answer 15

cerebral cortex

Question 16

the ______ activates and integrates the autonomic nervous system and controls pituitary secretions

Answer 16

hypothalamus

Question 17

white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell is called

Answer 17

myelin sheath

Question 18

the Pia mater is the

Answer 18

thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges

Question 19

the PNS includes ____ pairs of the cranial nerves and _____ pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 19

12, 31

Question 20

unlike other cranial nerves, the ____ nerve carries messages to and from the neck, chest, and abdomen

Answer 20

vagus

Question 21

the purpose of the blood-brain barrier is to

Answer 21

regulate the passage of potentially harmful substances from the blood into the nerve cells of the brain

Question 22

the brain and the spinal cord make up the

Answer 22

CNS

Question 23

“star cells” called _____ are a type of glial cell that transports water and salts from capillaries

Answer 23

astrocytes

Question 24

_____ are the grooves or fissures that separate the sheets of nerve cells in the cerebral cortex

Answer 24

sulci

Question 25

the watery fluid that flows throughout the brain and spinal cord is

Answer 25

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 26

radicul/o

Answer 26

spinal nerves

Question 27

algesic

Answer 27

insensitive to pain

Question 28

spina bifida

Answer 28

a congenital defect in the spinal column due to the imperfect union of the cerebral parts

Question 29

Parkinson disease

Answer 29

degeneration of nerves in the brain leading to tremors, muscle rigidity and a shuffling gait

Question 30

Alzheimer disease

Answer 30

a progressive neurologic disorder marked by gradual decline in mental capacity that can begin in the middle age but is more frequently seen in the older person

Question 31

bell palsy

Answer 31

disorder of the facial nerve that results in unilateral facial paralysis

Question 32

petit mal seizures

Answer 32

absence seizure

Question 33

cerebral concussion

Answer 33

a violent shaking up or jarring of the brain, with no apparent damage to the brain tissue

Question 34

cerebral contusion

Answer 34

bruising of the brain tissue with neurologic deficits lasting longer than 24 hours

Question 35

another term for Lou Gehrig disease is

Answer 35

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 36

the progressive muscular atrophy of Lou Gehrig disease that eventually progresses to involve most of the body, including the respiratory muscle is the result of

Answer 36

degeneration of the motor neurone in the spinal cord and brain stem

Question 37

what condition is associated with an excess of or hypersensitivity to dopamine?

Answer 37

Tourette syndrome

Question 38

what condition develops in response to reactivation of the virus that causes chickenpox?

Answer 38

herpes zoster

Question 39

myasthenia gravis

Answer 39

antibodies block the ability of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to transmit the nervous impulse from nerve to muscle cells

Question 40

a medical term for abnormal, involuntary, spasmodic movements is

Answer 40

dyskinesia

Question 41

tonic-clonic seizures are also known as

Answer 41

ictal events

Question 42

a peculiar sensory sensation often preceding the onset of a seizure is called

Answer 42

aura

Question 43

a peculiar sensory sensation often preceding the onset of a seizure is called

Answer 43

aura

Question 44

a lumbar puncture is known as a

Answer 44

spinal tap

Question 45

cerebral angiography

Answer 45

radiographic imaging of the blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast medium

Question 46

a PET scan is

Answer 46

a computerized imaging technique that shows chemical activity of the brain and gives information about brain function

Question 47

computed tomography

Answer 47

imaging modality that generates multiple computerized images of the brain and spinal cord using a contrast material is

Question 48

doppler ultrasound

Answer 48

study that uses sound waves to detect blood flow in the carotid intracranial arteries

Question 49

stereotactic radio surgery

Answer 49

a focused beam of radiation called a gamma knife can target a tumor to destroy it

Question 50

treatment of hydrocephalus involves the use of a ____ to drain the excess cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 50

shunt

Question 51

MRI

Answer 51

diagnostic procedures uses a magnetic field and pulses of radiowave energy to image the brain and spinal cord

Question 52

what is a treatment for Parkinson disease?

Answer 52

placement of electrodes in the brain

Question 53

vag/o

Answer 53

vagus nerve

Question 54

the medical term for headache

Answer 54

cephalgia

Question 55

analgesic medication is used to

Answer 55

relieve postoperative pain

Question 56

dura mater

Answer 56

the outer layer of the meninges

Question 57

cerebrum

Answer 57

the largest and uppermost section of the brain

Question 58

the sensory warning some people experience before a seizure is called

Answer 58

an aura

Question 59

dyskinesia

Answer 59

medical term for a condition of involuntary, spasmodic movements

Question 60

transient ischemic attacks

Answer 60

brief episodes of neurologic deficit caused by temporary interference with blood supply to the brain

Question 61

blockage of a cerebral artery by a blood clot with necrosis and edema of the area involved. this type of cerebral infarction is called a

Answer 61

thrombotic stroke

Question 62

a glioma is an intracranial tumor that arises from the

Answer 62

supportive or connective tissue of the brain

Question 63

stereotactic radio surgery

Answer 63

procedure that uses an intracranial guiding device to deliver high- dose radiation to precisely targeted timor tissue

Question 64

tonic-clonic seizures are marked by

Answer 64

sudden loss of consciousness and generalized involuntary muscle contraction that alternate with rigidity

Question 65

through which part of the neutron does an impulse leave the cell?

Answer 65

terminal end fiber

Question 66

the first part of the nerve cell to receive the impulse is the

Answer 66

dendrite

Question 67

a fold in the cerebral cortex is called a

Answer 67

gyrus

Question 68

a network of intersecting nerves in the PNS is called

Answer 68

plexus

Question 69

a depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex is a

Answer 69

sulcus

Question 70

destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding nuron in the brain and spinal cord describes which condition?

Answer 70

multiple sclerosis

Question 71

what is a hereditary disorder caused by degenerative changes in the cerebrum?

Answer 71

Huntington disease

Question 72

what is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the motor neurones fail to give impulses to the muscles to cause muscle contraction

Answer 72

myasthenia gravis

Question 73

-phasia

Answer 73

speech

Question 74

a cerebral hemorrhage may be caused by a localized weakness in a blood vessel wall the plates and bursts. this weak section of blood vessel is called a _____

Answer 74

aneurysm

Question 75

a general term for progressive neurologic conditions characterized by a gradual decline in mental ability is

Answer 75

dementia