Module 5: Digestive System Flashcards by Lauren Kohler-Mergel

what is the first part of the small intestine?

the duodenum

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what is the pouch that hangs from the cecum?

appendix

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what are papillae?

small, raised areas on the tongue that contain receptor organs called taste buds

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another term for swallowing is

deglutition

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another term for chewing is

mastication

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what does the liver do and where is it located?

the live is located in the right upper quadrant it manufactures bile, which is essential for the breakdown of ingested fats. the liver also stores excess glucose until it is needed in the body when blood glucose levels fall

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where are rugae found and what is the function?

can be found in both the stomach and the mouth, where they provide a textured surface that facilitates the mechanical breakdown and movement of food

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-ase

enzyme

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enter/o

intestine

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the cecum is a small pouch connected to the ileum at the ______

ileocecal sphincter

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where are the tonsils located?

in the oropharynx

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what is peristalsis?

contraction of tubular organs

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the four upper front teeth in the adult dental arch are called the

incisiors

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the breakdown of glycogen into glucose is called

glucogenolysis

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the medical term for simple sugar is

glucose

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the enzyme that digests protein is

protease

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the outermost protective layer of the crown of the tooth is called

enamel

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the _____ holds the tooth in place in the tooth socket.

periodontal membrane

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___ is the soft, delicate tissue filling the centre of the tooth

pulp

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the ring of muscle that controls movement of food from the stomach to the small intestine is the

duodenum

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_____ is the removal of solid waste through the anus

defecation

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a chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances

enzyme

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the small, fleshy mass dangling from the centre of the soft palate is the

uvula

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-iasis

means abnormal condition

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steat/o

fat

icterus is another term for

jaundice

diverticulitis is caused by

trapping of undigested food or bacteria in a diverticulum

cirrhosis is an

chronic degeneration of liver tissue that is replaced with scar tissue

-eti/o

cause

leukoplakia

precancerous condition characterized by white plaques on the oral mucosa

idi/o

unknown

_____ stomatitis is inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpes virus

hepatic

an abnormal tubelike passageway near the anus is an

anal fistula

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract is

Crohn disease

inflammation of the liver caused by a virus is termed

hepatitis

hematochezia is

the passage of right red blood from the rectum

achalasia

failure of the lower of the esophageal sphincter muscle to relax

varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus are called

esophageal varices

a malignant tumour of the stomach is called

gastic carcinoma

a small loop of bowel protruding through a weak muscle in his patient's lower abdomen is a

inguinal hernia

an ulcer in the lining of the stomach or duodenum is a _____ ulcer

gastric

the loss of peristalsis that results in an obstruction of the intestines

ileus

when solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach, the condition is known as

gastroesophageal reflux disease

a group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension is

IBS

benign growth that protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon are

polyps

______ is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

ascites

ingesting food or water contaminated with viruses, parasites, or protozoa can cause a condition characterized by painful abdominal cramping, fever, inflamed intestines, and diarrhea containing blood. this condition is known as

dysentery

chronic constipation can put pressure on anal veins, causing swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region called

hemorrhoids

lapar/o

abdominal wall or abdomen

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

a direct visual examination of the mucous membrane lining of the sigmoid colon is a diagnostic procedure called

sigmoidoscopy

an ileostomy is the

creation of an opening from the ileum to the surface of the abdomen

an enteroenterostomy is the

creation of a connection between two segments of the intestine

choledochotomy is the

removal of a gallstone through the common bile duct

the visual examination of the entire large intestine is called a

colonoscopy

receiving nutrition through a site other than the digestive system or alimentary canal is called ______ nutrition

parenteral

Receiving nutrition through the gastrointestinal tract is which type of nutrition?

enteral

the whipple procedure is another name for a

choleochotomy

the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth is the ____ palate

hard

the muscular ring at the lower end of the stomach is the ____ sphincter

pyloric

the ____ is the first part of the large intestine

cecum

___ are tiny projections in the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients

villi

the lower esophageal sphincter is called the ____ sphincter

cardiac

eti/o

cause

lith/o

stone

herpeticstomatitis

blisters around the mouth

visual examination of the distal end of the descending colon that leads into the rectum is called

sigmoidoscopy

the medical term for stone is

calculus

excess glucose in the bloodstream is removed by the liver and stored as

glycogen

what is the term for a failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax?

achalasia

this covering allows free movement of the intestines

mesentery

if the cause of an illness or its treatment is unknown or not understood it is called

idiopathic

the twisting of intestines is called

volvulus

inflammation of the liver that may be caused by _____ A, B, or C virus

hepatitis

folds or wrinkles within the stomach are called

rugae

the anatomy term that describes the throat is

pharynx

the first portion of the small intestine into which the stomach releases chyme is known as

duodenum

the liver releases a pigment in the bile called

bilirubin

the coordinated contraction of the intestines that moves the contents of the intestine forward is

peristalsis

the part of the stomach that is furthest from the outlet to the duodenum is called the

fundus

a condition in which one bowel segment collapses or telescopes into the opening of another segment is called

intussusception

tested blood in the feces is called

melena