Module 14: Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Question 1

antigens

Answer 1

substances capable of inducing an immune response

Question 2

the ability of the body to resist foreign microorganisms such as bacteria, parasites, and viruses

Answer 2

immunity

Question 3

a lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow and secretes antibodies is

Answer 3

B cell

Question 4

adaptive immunity

Answer 4

formation of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen

Question 5

vaccination

Answer 5

introduction of a modified toxin to produce an immune response and protection against disease

Question 6

genetic ability to fight off disease

Answer 6

natural immunity

Question 7

antibodies

Answer 7

proteins that destroy antigens

Question 8

axillary nodes

Answer 8

collection of stationary lymph tissue in the armpits

Question 9

thoracic duct

Answer 9

large lymphatic vessel that receives lymph from the lower portion of the body and from the left side of the body above the diaphragm

Question 10

adenoids

Answer 10

masses of lymph tissue in the nasopharynx

Question 11

interstitial fluid

Answer 11

spaces between the cells

Question 12

inguinal nodes

Answer 12

collection of stationary lymph tissue in the groin region

Question 13

lymph capillaries

Answer 13

the tinniest lymphatic vessels

Question 14

right lymphatic duct

Answer 14

the vessel that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body

Question 15

dendritic cells

Answer 15

antigen-presenting cells that show T and B cells what to attack

Question 16

T cells

Answer 16

lymphocytes that act directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals toxic to them

Question 17

suppressor T cells

Answer 17

T cells that serve a regulatory function for specific immune response by stopping the immune response when an antigen has been destroyed

Question 18

interferon and interleukins are examples of

Answer 18

cytokines

Question 19

a ________ is a large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body

Answer 19

macrophage

Question 20

multiple myeloma

Answer 20

a malignant tumour of bone marrow cells associated with high levels of one of the immunoglobulins, usually IgG

Question 21

the medical term for hay fever

Answer 21

allergic rhinitis

Question 22

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS

Answer 22

a retroviral disease caused by infection with HIV, its manifestation is associated with suppression of the immune system

Question 23

anaphylaxis

Answer 23

is an exaggerated, life-threatening hypersensitivity to a foreign protein or other substance

Question 24

Hodgkin disease

Answer 24

a malignant tumour of lymph tissue in the spleen and lymph nodes

Question 25

opportunistic infection

Answer 25

disease caused by lower body resistance, which allows infection by bacteria and parasites that are normally easily contained

Question 26

kaposi sarcoma

Answer 26

malignant condition associated with AIDS that arises from the lining in capillaries it appears as dark purplish skin lesions

Question 27

atopic

Answer 27

a person who is prone to allergies

Question 28

-edema

Answer 28

swelling

Question 29

what do cryptococcal infection, cytomegalovirus infection, histoplasmosis and pneumocystis have in common?

Answer 29

they are AIDS related opportunistic infections

Question 30

HIV binds to ______ and infects and kills T cells bearing this protein

Answer 30

CD4 cells

Question 31

waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

Answer 31

tumor of malignant B cells that produce too much IgM

Question 32

non-hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 32

a group of malignant tumours involving lymphoid tissue

Question 33

allergen

Answer 33

a substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction in the body

Question 34

hypersensitivity

Answer 34

a general term for the condition of having excessive reactions to allergens

Question 35

atopic dermatitis

Answer 35

an inflammatory skin reaction due to sensitivity to an environmental allergen

Question 36

a term that describes any of a group of diseases caused by a defect in the immune system, characterized by susceptibility to infection and chronic disease is ______

Answer 36

immunodeficiency

Question 37

when the tolerance of self-antigens fails, immune cells react against normal cells, resulting in carious pathologic conditions called ______

Answer 37

autoimmune diseases

Question 38

cryptosporidosis

Answer 38

parasitic infection of the gastrointestinal tract

Question 39

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA

Answer 39

test to screen blood for antibodies to the AIDS virus

Question 40

immunoelectrophoresis

Answer 40

test that detects and differentiates abnormal levels of specific antibodies

Question 41

protease inhibitors

Answer 41

drugs that treat AIDS by blocking the production of the enzyme that creates new viral pieces of HIV

Question 42

two viral load tests that measure the amount of AIDS virus in the bloodstream are ____ and ____

Answer 42

PCR and NASBA

Question 43

diagnosis of _______ is often made by identifying the Reed Sternberg cell in the lymph nodes

Answer 43

hodgkin disease

Question 44

immunotherapy

Answer 44

the use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat disease

Question 45

monoclonal antibodies

Answer 45

treatment that consists of lab-produced antibodies linked to a specific toxin being delivered directly to the tumor cells

Question 46

what is a treatment for AIDS?

Answer 46

bone marrow transplant

Question 47

what test measures the number of helper T cells in the bloodstream of patient with AIDS?

Answer 47

CD4 lymphocyte count

Question 48

what test measures the amount of AIDS virus in the bloodstream?

Answer 48

viral load test

Question 49

the CART therapy test treats which disease?

Answer 49

cancer

Question 50

the ability of lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body's own antigens as not foreign is called

Answer 50

tolerance

Question 51

the organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells is the

Answer 51

spleen

Question 52

cytokines

Answer 52

chemical messengers secreted by T cells that aid cells to kill antigens

Question 53

macrophages

Answer 53

phagocytes that clear away dead cells and debris as an infection subsides

Question 54

the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disrupts

Answer 54

cell-mediated immunity (helper T cells)

Question 55

non-hodgkin disease

Answer 55

type of disorder include follicular lymphoma and large cell lymphoma

Question 56

nasopharyngeal lymph tissue is called

Answer 56

adenoids

Question 57

the organ located in the upper mediastinum that plays an important role in immunity, especially during fetal life and the early years of growth

Answer 57

thymus

Question 58

immunoelectrophoresis

Answer 58

the laboratory test used to detect and differentiate abnormal levels of specific antibodies

Question 59

this fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries

Answer 59

interstitial

Question 60

lymphocytes that transform into plasma cells and secrete antibodies

Answer 60

B cells

Question 61

T cells that directly kill foreign cells

Answer 61

cytotoxic T cells

Question 62

helper T cells

Answer 62

T cells that aid B cells in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production