Module 11 pt 3

Question 1

do bacterial virulence factors vary depending on the bacterium

Answer 1

yes

Question 2

what does invassivess require

Answer 2

a pathogen to break down host tissue - usually requires an enzyme

Question 3

what are exoenzymes

Answer 3

extracellular enzymes

Question 4

what are some tissue destroying enzymes

Answer 4

hyaluronidase
coagulase
streptokinase

Question 5

what pathogens use coagulase

Answer 5

staphylococcus aureus

Question 6

what pathogen uses streptokinase

Answer 6

streptococcus pyogens

Question 7

what are exotoxins

Answer 7

toxic proteins released from the pathogen as it grows

Question 8

what are the three categories of exotoxins

Answer 8

cytolytic toxins
AB toxins
Superantigen toxins

Question 9

toxicity

Answer 9

the ability of a microorganism to cause disease as a result of a preformed toxin that inhibits host function or kills host cells

Question 10

what are cytolytic exotoxins

Answer 10

work by degrading cytoplasmic membrane integrity

Question 11

what do cytolytic exotoxins cause

Answer 11

cell lysis and death

Question 12

what are toxins that lyse red blood cells called

Answer 12

hemolysins

Question 13

what kills nucleated cells and lyses erythrocytes

Answer 13

staphylococcal a-toxin

Question 14

what makes alpha toxins

Answer 14

staphorius (staphylococcus aureus(

Question 15

what is hemolysis

Answer 15

series of lysis that disrupts the membrane

Question 16

what are AB exotoxins

Answer 16

two covalently bonded subunit - 1 active and one for binding

Question 17

what are super antigen exotoxins

Answer 17

they activate a ton (too many) T cells at once

confused immune system

Question 18

which intracellular target toxins activate adenylate cyclase of intestinal cells (cause diarrhea)

Answer 18

cholera toxin
vibrio cholerae

Question 19

which intracellular target toxins inhibit release of neurotransmitters causing spastic paralysis

Answer 19

tetanus toxin

clostridium tetani

Question 20

which intracellular target toxins inhibits acetylcholine release (flaccid paralysis)

Answer 20

botulinum toxin

clostridium botulinum

Question 21

which intracellular target toxins inhibit protein synthesis

Answer 21

diphtheria toxin

Question 22

what phyla is cortynbacterium diphtheria under

Answer 22

actinobacteria

Question 23

what is dipheria exotoxin an example of

Answer 23

phage conversion

Question 24

what other toxins inhibit protein synthesis or are AB toxins

Answer 24

P. auruginosa
shiga toxins
shiga like

Question 26

what are the neurological exotoxins

Answer 26

clostridium tetani clostridium botulinum

Question 27

what kind of exotoxin is tetanus toxin

Answer 27

AB protein neurotoxin

Question 28

what are enterotoxins

Answer 28

exotoxins whose activity affects the small intestine

Question 29

what do enterotoxins do

Answer 29

cause massive secretion of fluid into the intestinal lumen - resulting in vomiting and diarrhea

Question 30

what type of exotoxin is cholera enterotoxin

Answer 30

AB type exotoxin

Question 31

what is the cholera toxin made by

Answer 31

vibrio cholerae

Question 32

what are the 2 major producers of exotoxin super antigens

Answer 32

gram positive bacteria staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes

Question 33

what are endotoxins

Answer 33

on gram negative bacteria (membrane) and not treatable

Question 34

what is the toxic portion of endotoxins

Answer 34

lipid a

Question 35

are exotoxins or endotoxins more toxic

Answer 35

exotoxins

Question 36

how can the presence of an endotoxin be detected

Answer 36

limulus amoebocyte lysate assay

Question 37

what are exotoxins made up of

Answer 37

proteins

Question 38

what are endotoxins made up of

Answer 38

lipopolysaccharides

Question 39

are exotoxins gram positive or gram negative

Answer 39

both

Question 40

are endotoxins gram negative or gram positive

Answer 40

gram negative

Question 41

which toxin is heat stable

Answer 41

endotoxins

Question 42

which toxin is specific

Answer 42

exotoxin

Question 43

which toxin is more toxic

Answer 43

exotoxin

Question 44

which toxin does not produce a fever

Answer 44

exotoxin

Question 45

what are proteases

Answer 45

virulence factors that break down host antibodies to evade phagocytosis

Question 46

whats a notable capsule producing pathogen

Answer 46

streptococcus pneumonia