Module 5

Question 1

What was the first virus identified

Answer 1

Tobacco mosaic disease

Question 2

What is a virus

Answer 2

Genetic element encapsulated in a protein shell

Question 3

Can DNA and RNA be in the same virus

Answer 3

No

Question 4

What is on a naked virus

Answer 4

Just protein

Question 5

What is on an eveloped virus?

Answer 5

Lipids

Question 6

Why aren’t viruses alive?

Answer 6

They don’t have independent metabolism

Question 7

Why does a virus need a host?

Answer 7

Energy and protein synthesis

Question 8

What does a virus need for energy and protein synthesis

Answer 8

Host

Question 9

What is the extracellular form of a virus called?

Answer 9

Virion

Question 10

Do viruses affect all life forms?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

What microscopy would be used to view a virus?

Answer 11

Transmission electron microscopy because it is very small

Question 12

What kind of microscope cannot be used to see a virus?

Answer 12

Light microscope

Question 13

The Larger the genome, the what?

Answer 13

More protein they’ll have

Question 14

What is a capsid made of?

Answer 14

Protein subunit(s) called capsomeres

Question 15

How does a capsid assemble?

Answer 15

Either self assembly or requires the host

Question 16

What is a genome

Answer 16

DNA or RNA → 1 or more fragment

Question 17

What are the 2 primary shapes of a virion?

Answer 17

Rod → helical symmetry
Spherical → icosahedral symmetry

Question 18

Which primary shape requires more protein? Why?

Answer 18

Icosahedral → to make a more complex capsid

Question 19

What’s the simplest and most effective arrangement. Why?

Answer 19

Icosahedral symmetry → fewer capsomeres are required

Question 20

How many protein does helical symmetry require

Answer 20

Only 1 so it is not as complex as icosahedral

Question 21

What’s an example of a complex shape?

Answer 21

Icosahedral heal + helical tail

Question 22

What is a complex shape?

Answer 22

Non symmetrical

Question 23

What is the structure of a naked virus?

Answer 23

Capsid + nucleic acid

Question 24

What is the structure of an enveloped virus

Answer 24

Membrane
Capsid
Nucleic acid

Question 25

Where does the phospholipid belayer come from?

Answer 25

Host

Question 26

What are fibrils

Answer 26

Peptidoglycan like polymers on amoeba viruses

Question 27

What are glycoprotein spikes for?

Answer 27

Interaction with hosts

Question 28

What is a spike protein?

Answer 28

Protein on the surface of viruses

Question 29

Are there other things than just nucleic acid within a virion

Answer 29

Yes → can be enzymes

Question 30

Why arent viruses a part of the tree of life

Answer 30

They have no rna → can't classify them

Question 31

What is the difference between a virus and a disease

Answer 31

Disease shows symptoms → virus is what you have

Question 32

How do we classify viruses? (4)

Answer 32

Fast evolution (families and genera) Nucleic acid type and how it replicates Naked or enveloped Baltimore classification

Question 33

What does the Baltimore classification demonstrate?

Answer 33

Nuclei's acid type and replication

Question 34

What does the Baltimore classification demonstrate?

Answer 34

Nuclei's acid type and replication

Question 35

How many groups of Baltimore classification are there?

Answer 35

7 groups

Question 36

How do pages infect bacteria? (5)

Answer 36

1. Attachment 2. penetration 3. Biosynthesis 4. Maturation 5. Lysis

Question 37

Why do licit viruses exhibit a one step growth curve?

Answer 37

Lyric viruses are only released all at once

Question 38

How do phages infect bacteria?

Answer 38

Receptors

Question 39

What are the unique receptors of gram positive bacteria?

Answer 39

Cell wall, LTA, WTA

Question 40

What are the unique receptors of gram negative bacteria?

Answer 40

Pili Porin LPS CPS EPS

Question 41

What receptor do both gram negative and gram positive have?

Answer 41

Flagellum

Question 42

How do temperate phases infect bacteria

Answer 42

They go through a Lysogenic and lytic life cycle

Question 43

How do temperate phases infect bacteria

Answer 43

They go through a Lysogenic and lytic life cycle

Question 44

What is a lysogen

Answer 44

A bacterium that has the temperate phages bacteria integrated into its bacterial genome

Question 45

What is Lysogenic or phage conversion?

Answer 45

The new phage changes the phenotype Of the lysogen

Question 46

What happens if there is no phage

Answer 46

No disease

Question 47

What is the lysogenic cycle

Answer 47

A phage integrating its genome into a bacterial chromosome

Question 48

Where does the Baltimore classification come in?

Answer 48

During biosynthesis in eukaryotic cells

Question 49

What does penetration look like for eukaryotic cells and naked viruses

Answer 49

Endocytosis

Question 50

What does penetration look like for eukaryotic cells and enveloped viruses

Answer 50

Membrane fusion

Question 51

What is tissue tropism

Answer 51

The preferences of a virus to infect specific types of tissues or cells within a host organism

Question 52

How does a naked virus release mature viruses

Answer 52

Lysis that will destroy host cells and cause tissue damage

Question 53

How does an enveloped virus release mature viruses

Answer 53

Buds out through host membrane and host cell may survive

Question 54

Which form of virus has continued slow release (potentially for life)

Answer 54

Enveloped viruses

Question 55

What is a latent virus

Answer 55

A virus that is dormant and reactivates

Question 56

What is a chronic virus?

Answer 56

Not eliminated and there is a continuous production of viral particles

Question 57

What are the 3 outcomes for viral infections

Answer 57

Latent Chronic Cancer

Question 58

What does a virus need to grow

Answer 58

Host cells

Question 59

What is formed after the lysis of a host cell

Answer 59

A plaque

Question 60

Does a lysogenic infection always result in lysis?

Answer 60

No

Question 61

What's unique about the central dogma for viruses?

Answer 61

DNA or RNA can be a starting point

Question 62

Can viruses replicate both DNA and RNA?

Answer 62

Yes

Question 63

when are plaques formed

Answer 63

during lysis

Question 64

viral infection steps in order (6)

Answer 64

attachment penetration uncoating biosyntheses assembly release

Question 65

what is a prophage

Answer 65

bacteriophage that is integrated in a bacterial chromosome

Question 66

what is a virulent phage

Answer 66

bacteriophage that displays a lytic life cycle