Module 12 Flashcards
enriched prenatal environment
can increase brain weight, # of synapses, and brain power (in mice)
stimulation by touch/massage for babies
faster neurological development, weight gain (+), better sleep, less stress, and better cognitive development
pruning
w/o use, neural pathways are destroyed
parenting effect on personality
greatest effect at extremes; usually < 10% of personality
culture
behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions of a group that are passed through generations; supports natural selection
preservation of innovation
building on past developments of a culture
division of labor
all people have different roles in a culture
norms
rules for expected and accepted behavior
predictors of cultural tempo
economics, industry, population, climate, basic values
collectivism
focuses on role as part of a group; morality and behavior influenced by social network; few close friendships; Eastern cultures usually
individualism
focuses as role as a special, unique individual; morality and behavior influenced by personal attitude and personality; many (temp/casual) relationships; Western cultures usually
subcultures
religion, region, economic status
growing individualism
caused by increased voluntary emigration, capitalism, sparesely populated, challenging environment
family self
a feeling that what shames/honors child, shames/honors family and vice versa; collectivism
sex
biological status defined by chromosomes/anatomy
gender
culture’s expectations about what it means to be male/female
similarities among sexes
45 unisex chromosomes; goal is to survive and reproduce; competitiveness, happiness, creativity, intelligence, emotions/desires, cognitive functions, vocab
general difference between sexes
puberty is earlier for women and their lifespans are 5 yrs longer; women are more emotional, higher risk of anxiety, depression, and eating disorders; men are more likely to commit, develop alcohol use disorder, autism, color-blindness, ADHD, and antisocial personality disorder
aggression difference between sexes
men are more aggressive and sexually violent
relational aggression
act of aggression intended to harm a person’s relationship or social standing (gossip); more common in women
differences between sexes in social power/workplace bias
men seen as more powerful, dominant, successful, make more money than women counterparts, do less childcare work, directive, offer opinions more, interrupt, initiate touches, stare; women more democratic, supportive, smile and apologize more
social connectedness differences between sexes
men are independent and have large, non-intimate groups; women are interdependent, have small, intimate groups, spend more time on social media, give more advice, more religious
primary sex characteristics
genitals
secondary sex characteristics
everything else (boobs, beards, etc)
