Module 15

Question 1

lifestyle perspective

Answer 1

development is lifelong

Question 2

adolescence

Answer 2

years from puberty to independence, childhood to adulthood; doesn’t exist in cultures where teens are self-assuring

Question 3

puberty

Answer 3

sexual maturation

Question 4

male early maturation

Answer 4

stronger and more athletic; more popular, self-assured, independent, higher risk for alcohol use, delinquency, and sexual activity

Question 5

female early maturation

Answer 5

seek older friends; suffer teasing and sexual harassment, and anxiety

Question 6

causes of early menarche

Answer 6

increase in body fat; increase in hormone-mimicking chem in diet; increased stress

Question 7

pruning

Answer 7

rewiring/elimination of unused neurons and connections

Question 8

frontal lobe development

Answer 8

occurs at a slower pace than emotional limbic system development; leads to teen impulsivity; teens may understand risks/consequences but give more weight to potential thrills and rewards

Question 9

reasoning power

Answer 9

self-focused in early years; in adolescence, debate values and beliefs (including religion)

Question 10

moral reasoning

Answer 10

thinking as we discern right from wrong

Question 11

preconventional morality

Answer 11

birth-9 y/o; self-interest; obey rules to avoid punishment/gain concrete rewards

Question 12

conventional morality

Answer 12

uphold laws and rules to gain social approval/maintain social order; early adolescence

Question 13

postconventional morality

Answer 13

late adolescence and beyond; actions reflect belief in basic rights and self-defined ethical principles; mostly in individualistic cultures

Question 14

moral intuition

Answer 14

“gut feelings;” triggered by disgust/elation; work in conjunction with moral reasoning and can override

Question 15

moral action

Answer 15

doing the right thing; dependent on social influences, reasoning, and intuition/emotions

Question 16

delayed gratification

Answer 16

shows developed moral action and reasoning; fosters flourishing

Question 17

psychosocial task

Answer 17

crisis in each stage of development; Erikson

Question 18

morality

Answer 18

based in anterior singlet; Kohlberg

Question 19

infancy task (birth - 1y/o)

Answer 19

trust vs. mistrust

Question 20

toddler task (1-3 y/o)

Answer 20

autonomy vs shame (exercising will/independence)

Question 21

preschool task (3-6 y/o)

Answer 21

initiative vs guilt

Question 22

elementary task (6 y/o-puberty)

Answer 22

competence vs inferiority (applying self to task)

Question 23

adolescence task (teens - 20s)

Answer 23

identity vs role confusion

Question 24

young adulthood task (20s-40s)

Answer 24

intimacy vs isolation

Question 25

mid adulthood task (40s-60s)

Answer 25

generativity vs stagnation (sense of contribution to the world via family, work, etc)

Question 26

late adulthood task (60s-death)

Answer 26

integrity vs despair (reflecting on life, satisfaction vs failure)

Question 27

identity

Answer 27

sense of self; distinct from parents and peers

Question 28

social identity

Answer 28

part of self identity that comes from group memberships

Question 29

intimacy

Answer 29

ability to form emotionally close relationships; more common among individualistic adolescents

Question 30

moratorium

Answer 30

experimenting with different identities; high exploration and low commitment

Question 31

diffusion

Answer 31

13-16 y/o; apathetic and uninterested in questions of identity, not ready to commit; low commitment and exploration

Question 32

identity achievement

Answer 32

has struggled with questions of identity and purpose; formed direction for future; high commitment and exploration

Question 33

foreclosure

Answer 33

build an identity based on values and beliefs of others (parents, gang, cult, etc); low exploration, high commitment

Question 34

negative identity

Answer 34

react against expectations; only knows who they aren't

Question 35

parent-child arguments

Answer 35

increase as adolescents begin to form identity; more with first-born children and mothers; girls argue about relationships and boys argue about behavior (acting out/hygiene)

Question 36

emerging adulthood

Answer 36

period between 18-mid 20s; not adolescents but don't have full adult independence