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PSY 1200 > Module 14 > Flashcards

Module 14 Flashcards

1
Q

maturation

A

sequence of biological growth; innate and genetic but can be slowed by deprived growth

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2
Q

growth in frontal lobes

A

3-6 y/o; causes increased control and behavior

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3
Q

growth in association areas

A

last to develop; pruning and puberty develop bc of development/lack of development in these areas

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4
Q

motor development milestones

A

raise head (2 mo), roll over (4-5 mo), crawl (6-9 mo), cruise (7-9 mo), walk (25% in 11 mo, 50% in 1 yr, 90% in 15 mo)

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5
Q

massaging and exercising babies

A

increase speed of learning to walk

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6
Q

back to sleep position

A

postpones crawling time

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7
Q

Rovee-Collier experiments

A

infants retain specific but not generalized motor learning

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8
Q

infantile amnesia

A

lack of conscious recollection of things before 4 y/o bc of lack of development of hippocampus and frontal lobes; babies have unconscious memory and learning abilities including language

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9
Q

schemas

A

concept or cognitive framework; way of knowing or understanding

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10
Q

cognition

A

mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

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11
Q

assimilation

A

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas; excessive = growth stall

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12
Q

accommodation

A

adapting current understanding to incorporate new info; excessive= obstructs growth

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13
Q

sensorimotor stage

A

birth -2 y/o; experiencing world through senses and actions; object permanence and stranger anxiety

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14
Q

object permanence

A

aawareness that objects continue to exist even when not perceived

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15
Q

stranger anxiety

A

baby anxiety around people who are not parents

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16
Q

first schemas

A

suck and swallow; reach and grab

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17
Q

preoperational stage

A

2-7/8 y/o; representing things with words and images; using intuition; pretend play; theory of mind; egocentricism

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18
Q

pretend play

A

symbolic thinking; use play items as representative of real life

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19
Q

egocentricism

A

self-centered understanding of world; can’t see things from someone else’s POV

20
Q

theory of mind

A

3-5 y/o; ability to understand that others have their own thoughts and perspectives; show knowledge of others’ mistakes, feelings, etc; people with autism struggle with this

21
Q

concrete operational stage

A

7-11 y/o; gain mental operations to enable them to think logically about concrete events; conservation; math transformations

22
Q

conservation

A

quantity remains the same despite changes in shape

23
Q

formal operational stage

A

12 y/o-death; reasoning abstractly; potential for mature moral reasoning

24
Q

scaffold

A

framework thatoffers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking, including giving new words and mentoring

25
Lev Vygotsky
thought child's mind grows with social environment and language provides basis for thinking (inner speech)
26
muttering and self-talk
increases development and performance
27
autism
appears in childhood (1/68) and includes significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, rigid, fixed interests, and repetitive behaviors; less imitative
28
Asperger's Syndrome
high functioning autism; unique intelligence; socially challenged
29
cause of autism
poor communication between brain regions that take in someone else's POV - impaired theory of mind; genetic influences (400+ genes, genetic mutations on X chromosome), abnormal brain development due to teratogens; less activity in brain areas with mirroring actions
30
autism prevalence
boys 3:1; bc girls are predisposed empathizers
31
family members and autism
identical twins - co-twin 50-70% chance; younger sibling - increased risk
32
attachment
show in young children with caregiver; distress upon separation; result of hormones; requires comfortable body contact, physical affection, and familiarity
33
critical period
optimal period in early life when exposure to certain stimuli/experiences produces normal development
34
imprinting
during critical period; certain animals form strong attachments in early life to the first moving object they see
35
secure attachment
sensitive, responsive mothers; mildly distressed w/o caregiver; close contact and goes about day upon return
36
insecure attachment
anxiety/avoidance of trusting relationships; insensitive, unresponsive mothers; either extremely upset or indifferent to mother leaving and coming
37
basic trust
sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; attributed to early parenting (secure attachment); form foundations of adult relationships and comfort with affection and intimacy
38
anxious attachment
crave acceptance but remain vigilant to signs of positive rejection
39
avoidant attachment
experience discomfort getting close to others; not comfortable with committment
40
childhood abuse/neglect affects
withdrawn, frightened, lower intelligence and brain development, abnormal stress responses (epigenetic marks and changes to seratonin - sensitizes stress response), increased brain activities in threat-detecting areas, stronger startle responses; cowards and bullies at same time; can also be resilient
41
affluent children
higher risk for substance abuse, eating disorders, anxiety, and depression
42
childhood's major social achievement
positive sense of self
43
self-concept
understanding and assessment of who one is; 12 y/o; begins with recognizing self in mirror (18 mo old)); includes gender, group membership, psych traits, similarities and differences from others, and skills
44
authoritarian parents
coercive, impose rules and expect obedience; childnre have low social skills and self esteem and overreact with mistakes
45
permissive parents
unrestraining; few demands, rules, and limits; children are aggressive and immature
46
negligent parents
uninvolved; careless; inattentive; children do poorly academically and socially
47
authoritative parents
confrontive; demanding but responsive; encourage open discussion and exceptions to rules; children have high self-esteem, self-reliance, self-regulation and social competence

PSY 1200 (37 decks)

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