Module 2

Question 1

prokaryotes can be divided into the groups

Answer 1

bacteria and archaea

Question 2

bacterial species are classified based on

Answer 2

nucleotide sequence
not morphological features

Question 3

bacteria class divisions

Answer 3

gram positive (sub class acid fast)
gram negative

Question 4

gram positive sub divisions

Answer 4

low GC concentration
HIgh GC concentration

Question 5

gram negative subdivisions

Answer 5

proteobacteria and CFB and spirocites

Question 6

alphaproteobacteria (3)

Answer 6

oligotrophs
fix nitrogen
ex)obligate intracellular pathogens such as chlamydia and rickettsiae

Question 7

chlamydia life cycle

Answer 7

infectious elementary bodies invade epithelial cells
become reticulate bodies which are metabolically active and replicate within cell
inclusion created more elementary bodies
kill cell to be released

Question 8

betaproteobacteria (2)

Answer 8

eutrophs
ex) common human pathogens such as neisseria (meningitis) or bordetella pertussis(whopping cough)

Question 9

Gammaproteobacteria (2)

Answer 9

large and diverse group
aerobic and facultative aerobes

Question 10

enterobacteria (2)

Answer 10

coliform: ferment lactose making acid and gas (E.coli)
non coliform:do not or incompletely ferment lactose (salmonella)

Question 11

3 groups of deltaproteobacteria

Answer 11

sulfate reducing
bdellovibro
myxobacteria

Question 12

sulfate reducing bacteria (1)

Answer 12

anaerobic respiration

Question 13

Bdelllovibro (2)

Answer 13

vampire or predatory bacteria
eat others

Question 14

myxobacteria (3)

Answer 14

slime bacteria
motile and highly social
multicellular fruiting bodies producing myxospores (metabolically inactive round cells with thick cell walls to survive harsh conditions)

Question 15

epsilonproteobacteria (3)

Answer 15

microaerophilic
smallest group
ex)campylobacteria, helicobacteria

Question 16

spirochetes (6)

Answer 16

long thin spirals
difficult to stain
darfield fluorescence
unculturable
motility achieved using axial filament
ex)borrelia and treponema

Question 17

groups that are phylogenically diverse, rod shaped, anaerobic fermenters (3)

Answer 17

cytophaga
fusobacterium
bacteriodes

Question 18

planctomycete (3)

Answer 18

aquatic environment
reproduce through budding
made of swarmer and sessile cells

Question 19

phototrophic bacteria (2)

Answer 19

photosynthesis therefore are oxygen producing bacteria
ex)cyanobacteria

Question 20

actinobacteria (5)

Answer 20

gram positive with high GC concentration
diverse
mostly found in soil
mostly aerobic
ex)mycobacterium, bifidobacterium

Question 21

Firmicutes (2)

Answer 21

gram positive low GC concentration
also called bacillota

Question 22

clostridia (2)

Answer 22

obligate anaerobes
endospores

Question 23

lactobacillales (2)

Answer 23

lactic acid bacteria
ex) leuconostoc, listeria, enterococcus, streprococcus

Question 24

bacilli (2)

Answer 24

aerobic or facultative anaerobes
endospore formers

Question 25

mycoplasma (3)

Answer 25

no cell wall or peptidoglycan
not gram stainable
small and pleomorphic

Question 26

Deep branching bacteria (1)

Answer 26

evolved from ancient lifeforms and are now extinct

Question 27

Aquifae (1)

Answer 27

adapted from harshest of conditions

Question 28

thermotogae (2)

Answer 28

anaerobic
stain gram negative due to shealth like outer membrane

Question 29

deinococcus radiodurans

Answer 29

polyextremophiles

Question 30

eukaryotes are divided into 6 groups

Answer 30

excavata
amoeboza
opisthokonta
rhizaria
chromalveolata
archaeplastida

Question 31

amoebozoa (4)

Answer 31

supergroup
specific movement dictated by pseupodia and actin microfilaments
include the group eumycetozoa(slime moulds)

Question 32

chromalveolata (2)

Answer 32

are united by plastid origins
include the groups apicomplexans, ciliates, and oomycetes

Question 33

apicomplexan (2)

Answer 33

organelle concentration at apical end
complex life cycles

Question 34

ciliates (ciliaphora) (3)

Answer 34

diverse group
cilia on surface for locomotion and feeding
paramecium

Question 35

oomycetes (water moulds) (3)

Answer 35

different from fungi
diploid
cellulose cell wall

Question 36

Excavata (4)

Answer 36

primitive eukaryotes
complex cell shapes and structures
depression on cell surface
parasites with limited mobility
groups are fornicata, parabasalia, and eulenozoa

Question 37

fornicata (3)

Answer 37

lack mitochondria
have flagella
ex)giardia lamblia

Question 38

parabasalia (6)

Answer 38

animal endosymbionts (dependent on host)
basal bodies (bearing)
modified mitochondria
undulating membrane
multiple flagella
ex)trichomonas vaginalis

Question 39

euglenozoa (5)

Answer 39

photosynthetic and non photosynthetic species
2 flagella
pellicle (support and cell shape)
stigma (eyespot)
chloroplasts

Question 40

fungi (3)

Answer 40

heterotrophic not photosynthetic
saprophytic (extracellular digestion of decaying organic matter
can be macroscopic or microscopic

Question 41

moulds (2)

Answer 41

multicellular with filaments called hyphae
form tangled network

Question 42

yeast (3)

Answer 42

unicellular
reproduce by budding
cells stick together in short chains

Question 43

dimorphic fungi

Answer 43

grow as yeast at high temp and mould at low temp

Question 44

unique features of fungi (3)

Answer 44

chitin cell wall
ergosterol cell membrane
unique and complex life cycles

Question 45

Algae (2)

Answer 45

autotrophic protists
groups are chromalveolata and archaeplastida

Question 46

dinoflagellates (4)

Answer 46

mostly marine organisms
2 flagella
cellulose plates
neurotoxins

Question 47

Stramenopiles (2)

Answer 47

chysolaminarin as a storage carb
diatoms are the main group with flagella, frustules

Question 48

archaeplastids

Answer 48

true algae