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Module 4 Flashcards

Microbial Growth

1
Q

Photo-

A

light energy

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2
Q

Autotroph

A

CO2 carbon

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3
Q

Heterotroph

A

organic or chemical carbon

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4
Q

-litho-

A

inorganic electron donor

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5
Q

-organo-

A

organic electron donor

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6
Q

chemo-

A

chemical energy source

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7
Q

breakdown of carbs require
but generate

A

energy
electrons and energy

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8
Q

different forms of energy (5)

A

glucose
cellulose
DNA
fats
proteins

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9
Q

ATP yields
aerobic
anaerobic
fermentation

A

aerobic=38
anaerobic=5-36
fermentation=2

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10
Q

how does fermentation work?

A

does not require oxygen
synthesizes ATP from an energy rich intermediate by substrate level phosphorylation

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11
Q

what can be fermented

A

need to be organic
sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, aromatic compounds

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12
Q

homofermentation

A

1 product

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13
Q

heterofermentation

A

2 products

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14
Q

chemolitotrophic microbes

A

eat rocks for energy and use CO2 as carbon

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15
Q

goal of biosynthesis

A

fix co2 to accumulate biomass

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16
Q

how do most bacteria divide

A

binary fission

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17
Q

how do planctomycetes divide

A

budding

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18
Q

5 step bacterial cell cycle

A

chromosome replication
elongation
segregation
z ring formation
division

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19
Q

what is different about the chlamydia cell cycle

A

z ring is made of peptidoglycan not cell wall

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20
Q

4 steps of biofilm formation

A

attachment
growth
maturation
detachment

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21
Q

when do antibiotics not work

A

when cells are not metabolically active

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22
Q

direct microscopy counting

A

grid slide
cant tell dead/alive

23
Q

direct counting using current (coulter current)

A

measures current passing through solution
cant tell alive/dead

24
Q

indirect dilution

A

measures metabolically active bacteria by CFU
may miscount if there’s biofilm

25
2 options for plating
mix with agar and pour spread over agar
26
most probable number method
colour changes as coliforms ferment lactose and produce acid
27
turbidimetric (optical density)
looks at dispersion of light cant tell live/dead
28
4 bacterial growth stages, describe
1. lag phase-in increase in living cell numbers 2. log/exponential phase- exponential increase in living cells (phase susceptible to antibiotics) 3. stationary phase- rate division=rate death 4. decline phase= exponential death
29
essential nutrients for lab growth (9)
carbon nitrogen phosphorus sulfur e donor e acceptor enzyme cofactors anabolism catabolism
30
Auxotroph
needs addition of specific macromolecules
31
prototroph
self suffiecient
32
copiotroph
requires high levels of nutrients
33
oligotroph
requires low levels of nutrients
34
defined medium
know ingredients and quantities
35
complex medium
composition unknown
36
minimal medium
meets minimum composition requirement
37
differential medium
distinguishes between types of bacteria
38
why does agar work better than gelatin
higher melting point less digestible
39
chemostat
allows for replicating natural environment by removing waste as bacteria grow so it doesn't become toxic
40
obligate aerobes
need o2
41
obligate anaerobes
no o2
42
faculative anaerobes
some o2
43
aerotolerant anaerobes
even distribution of o2 and not
44
microaerophiles
handle o2 in small amounts
45
anaerobic chamber
gas exchange controlled
46
psychrophile
cold loving
47
mesophile
thermotolerant
48
thermophile
love warmth
49
hyperthermophile
love super hot
50
non halophile M
<0.3M
51
halotolerant M
0.3-0.8M
52
Halophile M
0.8-3.4 M
53
Extreme halophile M
3.4-5.1 M
54
barophiles
high atmospheric pressure

BMSC 210 (10 decks)

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