Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BMSC 210 > Module 8 > Flashcards

Module 8 Flashcards

Control of Microbes and Public Health

1
Q

strategies for control on inanimate objects (3)

A

sterilization
disinfection
sanitization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sterilization

A

elimination of ALL vegetative cells, endospores, and viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Disinfection

A

reduction/destruction of microbial load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sanitization

A

reducing microbial loads to a safe public health level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

microbial control methods for living tissue (2)

A

antisepsis
degerming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Antisepsis

A

reduced microbial loads with antimicrobial chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

degerming

A

reduces microbial load by scrubbing and mild chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

physical method classes for control (2)

A

heat and radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

heat treatment options (7)

A

boiling
dry heat
oven
incinerator
flame
pasteurization
autoclave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

autoclave

A

sterilize by cooking at 121C for 15+minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

radiation

A

damages DNA causing things to die off
less effective over time
can be ionizing or non ionizing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ionizing radiation

A

alters melecular structures through x or gamma rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

non ionizing radiation

A

mutations due to UV light exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how do heat and high pressure reduce populations

A

killing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how do cold, hyperbaric, and desiccation reduce population

A

by controlling growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

mechanical filtration

A

done with the use of filters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

HEPA filtration

A

physically remove microbes from the air
pore size 0.3um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

membrane filtration

A

removed microbes from liquid
pore size 0.2um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

gas chemical control methods

A

sterilization
disinfection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

liquid chemical control methods

A

chemotherapy
antisepsis
disinfection
sterilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

-static

A

stop growth, no kill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

-cidal

A

kills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

-lytic

A

lyses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

disc diffusion

A

assesses susceptibility by looking at how much is killed around the antimicrobial sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
how to calculate kill efficacy
#9s = #0s 99.9%=1000 microbes
26
what does toxicity towards host depend on?
dosage and route
27
broad spectrum
indiscriminate killing many different groups target cell wall
28
narrow spectrum
kills specific groups
29
antibiotics
chemicals that kill bacteria or prevent growth
30
target: penicillin binding proteins, peptidoglycan subunits
Mode: inhibit cell wall biosynthesis
31
target: 30S + 50S ribosomal subunits
Mode: inhibit biosynthesis of proteins
32
target: LPPS, inner and outer membrane
mode: disrupt membranes
33
Target: RNA and DNA
mode: inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
34
target: folic and mycolic acid synthesis enzyme
mode: antimetabolites
35
taget: mycobacterial ATP synthesis
mode: Mycobacterial adenosine triphosphate synthase inhibitor
36
classes of protein synthesis inhibiting antibacterials (5)
chloramphenical macrolides lincosamides aminoglycosides tetracyclines
37
linosamides
prevent peptide bond formation, stop synthesis
38
animogylcosides
impare proofreading, faultry proteins
39
tetracyclines
block binding to tRNAs, inhibit synthesis
40
mechanisms of antifungal drugs (4)
inhibiting ergosterol synthesis bind to ergosterol to create pores disrupting membrane inhibit cell wall synthesis inhibit microtubules and cell division
41
mechanisms of antiviral drugs
nucleoside analogue inhibition inhibit escape of virus from endosomes inhibit neuraminidase inhibit viral uncoating inhibit protease inhibit integrase inhibit membrane fusion
42
Efficacy
how fast/much it kills
43
susceptibility
concentration required to kill
44
ways to become antibiotic resistant (4)
efflux pump blocked penetration target modification inactivate enzymes
45
ways to overcome resisitance
overproduction of target production of alternate enzymes target mimicry
46
epidemiology
study of occurrence, distribution, and determinants of public health and disease in a population goal is to identify nature and transmission of disease
47
public health
health of the population worldwide
48
public health measures
slow or stop disease to maintain public health
49
mortality
incidence of death in a population
50
mobidity
incidence of disease in a population
51
DALY
disability adjusted life year disease burden in terms of lost years due to disease, disability, premature death - effect on morbidity
52
prevalance
total cases at a given time
53
incidence
total new cased in a given time
54
epidemic
large number in a population but localized and narrow (not global)
55
pandemic
widespread and worldwide disease
56
endemic
constantly present in a population, reservoir presence
57
reservoir (for animal, environmental, and human pathogens)
normal habitat of an infectious microbe animal = zoonotic environmental = sapronosis human = human or orzoanthroponosis
58
Contact tramsmission
direct: physical contact between host and potential indirect: via intermediate (vehicle, fomite, vector)
59
droplet transmission
<1m from source large droplets on respiratory secretion settle on surface
60
airborne transmission
>1m from source microbes released into air and freely float and attach to dust particles and move with air currents
61
how to eliminate reservoirs (3 sectors)
animal: immunize or slaughter environmental: decontaminate or avoid contact human: identify, isolate, treat
62
how to limit availability of new hosts
improve living conditions, general health, nutrition make immune system stronger (vaccinate)
63
how to block routes of transmission
indirect- clean, prevent contamination, remove vectors airborne: flow systems to prevent dispersal droplet/direct: wash hands, barriers
64
swiss cheese model
multiple layers working to slow transmission
65
why cant some infections be eliminated(4)
infection cycle variation (asymptomatic, pre-symptomatic) vaccine compliance reservoirs social pressures
66
purposes of public health measures (3)
decrease morbidity and mortality decrease prevalence and incidence increase overall public health

BMSC 210 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions