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BMSC 210 > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

Biology of the Microbial Cell

1
Q

Spontaneous generation

A

life arises from non living matter

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2
Q

Francesco Redi

A

provided experimental data against spontaneous generation

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3
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

proved life only comes from life using the swan neck flask

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4
Q

Robert Hooke

A

observed and coined the term cells

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5
Q

7 statements of cell theory

A

living are made from one or more cells
fundamental components of life
arise from pre existing cells
organism activity depends on cell activity
energy flow occurs within a cell
cells contain DNA and RNA
similar species have similar cellular compositions

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6
Q

who was the endosymbiotic theory proposed and revived by

A

konstantin mereschkowski
lynn margulis

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7
Q

what does the endosymbiotic theory state

A

fusion of prokaryotes with ancestral bacteria gave prokaryotes mitochondria

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8
Q

prokaryotes include what two groups
what is the defining feature

A

bacteria and archaea
not inclosed nucleus

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9
Q

coccus

A

round

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10
Q

bacillus

A

rod

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11
Q

vibro

A

curved rod

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12
Q

coccobacillus

A

short rod

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13
Q

spirillum

A

spiral

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14
Q

spirochete

A

long loose spiral

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15
Q

diplo-

A

pair

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16
Q

tetra-

A

4 in a square

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17
Q

strepto-

A

chain

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18
Q

staphylo-

A

cluster

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19
Q

inclusions and compartments (2)

A

in prokaryotes
condensed areas of energy, gas

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20
Q

Endospore (3)

A

in gram positive
not metabolically active therefore resistant to killing
spores form inside the cell then lyse out for germination

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21
Q

cell envelope

A

layers around the cytoplasm with diverse functions

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22
Q

Bacteria and Eukarya membrane (3)

A

phospholipid bilayer
tail and head
ester linkages

23
Q

archaea membrane (3)

A

bilayer or monolayer
sidechains
ether linkages

24
Q

simple diffusion (4)

A

small and uncharged molecules
linear rate of diffusion (no saturation point)
inefficient for bacteria
ex)glycerol, h2o, o2

25
Q

facilitated diffusion (3)

A

concentration gradient dependent
more efficient
limited based on channel properties

26
Q

active transport (3)

A

energy to move against the concentration gradient
carrier proteins used
can be saturated

27
Q

coupled active transport (2)

A

antiport or symport
uses proton motor force and concentration gradients

28
Q

ABC transporters

A

must have protein bound to a substrate to enter the cell

29
Q

Group translocation (2)

A

phosphate transfer allows for sugar transport
energy from high energy phosphates

30
Q

bacterial cell walls provide (2)

A

rigidity to maintain cell shape
prevent osmotic lysis

31
Q

peptidoglycan layer when it comes to gram bacteria

A

positive thick
negative thin + outer membrane

32
Q

why is peptidoglycan layer missing in gram negative bacteria

A

missing pentapeptide sugar

33
Q

sugars in bacteria

A

NAG and NAM

34
Q

sugars in archaea
what is special?

A

NAG and NAT
making pseudomurin which is resistant to lysozyme

35
Q

Eukaryote cell wall composition options

A

cellulose or chitin

36
Q

lysozymes

A

defense mechanisms in animals which target bacteria due to their cell wall sugar composition

37
Q

lipopolysaccharides

A

in the envelope around gram negative bacteria only
provide attachment, mechanical strength, immune invasion, and protection
endotoxin causing spesis

38
Q

Deep branching bacteria

A

stain gram negative but do not have LPS so are not truley gram negative

39
Q

S Layer (3)

A

protein mesh layer on archaea and some bacteria
archaea: cell wall, protects against osmotic lysis, cell shape
bacteria: protection and adhesion

40
Q

capsule/slime layer (2)

A

sticky polysaccharide layer
attachment, biofilm, protection, adhesion

41
Q

capsule

A

tight matrix strongly attached to the cell

42
Q

slime layer

A

easily deformed and loosely attached

43
Q

outermost layer of cell options (3)

A

s layer
capsule
slime layer

44
Q

pili vs fimbrae

A

pili are thin filaments with multiple functions while fimbrae are short pili used for attachment
both play roles in conjugation, twithcing motility, and pathogenicity

45
Q

flagellum (6)

A

thin protein appendages
rotational speeds of 1000 rpm
clockwise rotation = tumbling
counterclockwise rotation = running
made of flagellin
build at tip using proton motor force

46
Q

archaellum

A

smaller than flagella
solid not hollow
build at base by ATP

47
Q

twitching (3)

A

driven by ATP
type 4 pili
extend then pull

48
Q

gliding (3)

A

proton motor force
smooth and continuous
no external propulsion

49
Q

taxis

A

description of movement

50
Q

chemotaxis can be observed using

A

darkfield microscopy or pipette and plate

51
Q

different types of taxis (5)

A

osmo
hydro
photo
aero
magneto

52
Q

eukaryotic motility includes

A

swimming
flexile whip

53
Q

swimming

A

due to long flagella and short cilia

54
Q

flexile whip

A

microtubules in the cytoplasmic membrane powered by ATP

BMSC 210 (10 decks)

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