Western music
-Organized instrumentation and sound created and produced in Europe, the United States, and other societies established and shaped by European immigrants
Where did music originate from?
-Greek and Roman cultures
Modes
-The specific ordering of musical tones and their corresponding notes
Plainchant
-Consisted of a single melody sung in Latin
~All plainchant was unaccompanied vocal music which became know as Capella
Neumes
-Symbols and shapes meant to represent specific pitches
Polyphony
- When two or more melodies are played at the same time to create a unified sound
Consorts
-small group of musicitians
Sonata and concerto
- two instrumental styles of Western music that are heavily reliant on the violin and cello
Symphony
- A four-movement, elaborately instrumental piece that made up of a full orchestra and featured the traditional sonata
- Extended instrumental piece of music written specifically to be played by an orchestra
Beethoven
-Considered himself a free agent of the arts, and deliberately wrote in a personal style where his compositions were based on his own experiences and ideas
Jazz
-Focused more on brass and percussion instruments than traditional art music though the piano remained important
Orchestra
- A large musical ensemble
- Front part of the stage reserved for instruments and the chorus
- Derived by Claudio Monteverdi in 1607
Italian Renaissance
- Intellectual and artistic development from the late 14th pot early 16th centuries
Ludwig van Beethoven
- standardized the orchestra by using pairs of each woodwind and brass instrument
- Compositions used entire range of instruments from high to low and gave each section more important roles, rather than the sting to carry most of the melody by themselves
- Standardized role of the conductor
Five sections of instruments
- Woodwinds
- Brass
- Percussion
- Strings
- Keyboards
Woodwinds
- flutes
- oboes
- clarinets
- bassoons
Brass
- French Horns
- Trumpets
- Trombones
- Tubas
Percussion
- Timpani
- Snare Drum
- Triangle
- Xylophone
- Bass Drum
Strings
- Harps
- Violins
- Violas
- Cellos
- Basses
- Usually the largest and carries the melody
Keyboards
- Piano
- Organ
Principal
-First chair of each instrument group
Concertmaster (first Violin)
-Second-in-command behind the conductor
Conductor
-Leader of the orchestra who directs the music
